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    Current status and development trends of European new energy vehicles
    WANG Shanjin, CHENG Yuan
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2021, 12 (2): 135-149.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.02.001
    Abstract1291)   HTML104)    PDF (1247KB)(7799)      

    This article introduces the current status and development trends of new energy vehicles in Europe, covering the European auto market, the EU’s carbon emission regulations, the new energy promotion policies of EU governments, and the new energy vehicle strategies and technical road-maps of European original equipment manufactures (OEMs). Although the long-term goals of new energy vehicles of major European OEMs are different, because they must comply with the same CO2 emission regulations, the short-term technical road-maps are similar, that is, pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles go hand in hand. In terms of power batteries, European OEMs have all adopted lithium ion battery technology; In terms of pure electric powertrain system, European OEMs basically adopt the configuration of drive motor combined with single speed reducer; In terms of hybrid powertrain systems, the choice of European OEMs is based on the parallel structure, which has not only potential for optimizing energy transmission efficiency, enriching working modes, but also giving full play to the traditional advantages of European OEMs in engine and transmission technology. It is worth mentioning that dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) technology has been successfully launched in Europe. This technology can give full play to the advantages of electrified powertrains and is forming a development trend. The EU’s strict CO2 emission regulations are the biggest driving force to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles in the next few decades. Europe’s strength in traditional automotive technology, production, and sales is also becoming a strong advantage in the development of its new energy vehicles. It is expected that in the next ten years, the share of new energy vehicles in Europe will continue to grow steadily, and new energy vehicles will dominate the European market before 2040

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    Key technologies and fundamental academic issues for traction battery systems
    ZHANG Jianbo, LU Languang, LI Zhe
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (2): 87-104.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.02.001
    Abstract3036)      PDF (2451KB)(7348)      
    The limitation of traction battery systems in performance, cost, life, and safety constitutes the bottleneck for
    the diffusion of electric vehicles. This paper analyzes dozens of electric vehicles in the phase of R & D and several major
    commercialized electric vehicles, identifies and reviews four key technologies for the traction battery system, the assembly
    of cells into the battery, thermal management, electric energy management, and safety. Underlying these key technologies,
    two fundamental academic issues are specified: 1) the generation, transfer, and removal of heat in the stacked composite
    system comprising cells and heat conduction plates/flow fields; 2) the modeling, identification, and control of the battery
    system comprising a multitude of non-linear, time-varying cells connected in parallel and series. Further development
    tendency for traction battery systems are viewed, such as the smart cell and the integration with the grid and internet.
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    Two Methods Studying Internal Resistance for Lithium-ion Battery Life Estimation Used in EV
    LIU Qi, LIU Jun-Yong, MIAO Qiang, CHEN Guo-Qiang, WANG Da-Zhi
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (2): 145-149.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.007
    Abstract3066)      PDF (1518KB)(7131)      
    Life prediction and performance state estimation online are important in the life stage for each lithium-ion battery in electrical vehicles (EVs). The battery capacity and internal resistance were used to compare the model structure and the chemical meaning of eigen-parameters of two basic approaches; one is the identification of specific parameters based on the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) in the time domain and the other is Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis in the frequency domain. The results show that the common inherent conflict between the nonlinearity of batteries and the linearization of the identification algorithm constrains the development of lithium-ion battery in EV. Therefore, proposals such as aging mechanism, new life modeling approach, hardware structures and algorithm improvement are given to resolve the difficulties encountered in the implementation of battery life estimation online for lithium-ion systems.
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    Research and development of automotive lightweight technology
    FAN Zijie, GUI Liangjin, SU Ruiyi
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2014, 5 (01): 1-16.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.01.001
    Abstract1401)      PDF (2587KB)(6656)      
    Lightweighting of automotive is an important measure for energy conservation and emissions
    reduction with significance for sustainable development of automotive industry. This paper summarizes the
    current research and future trends of automotive lightweight technology in China and in the world from three
    aspects: the structural optimization, the lightweight materials, and the advanced manufacturing technology.
    The review includes the basic principles and research developments of structural size optimization, shape
    optimization, to pological optimization, and multidisciplinary design optimization. And it introduces the
    applications of high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, plastic material, composite material;
    as well as the applications of hydroform and laser welding in automotive industry. The authors think that the
    lightweight technology future research area are the improvement of automotive structural optimization theory,
    the multi-material integration, the lightweight components, and the systematization and integration of lightweight
    technology.
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    Design and implementation of FOC control algorithm for PMSM motor based on Matlab/Simulink
    Pawel Stojaczyk, Dawid Woroch, HONG BO, WEI Yintao*
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2014, 5 (02): 166-171.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.02.008
    Abstract983)      PDF (2285KB)(6152)      

    PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) drive systems has been having general used in
    various industries needed high precision control due to a rapid development of microprocessors. The proper
    system configuration is still complex and time consuming. To overcome such a limitation, this paper presents
    a FOC (Field Oriented Control) algorithm for PMSM speed control algorithm performed in Matlab/Simulink by
    using standard blocks only, which is realized in almost any DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor by using
    auto-coding tool in Matlab. STM32F4 microcontroller was employed. Simple Active Currents Reading Error
    Compensator was introduced for appropriate feedback signals filtering. Precision of the signal was set to around
    10 mA of current –10 Bit with an Analog-to-Digital Converter operated by three bidirectional 5-A Hall current
    sensors. A PMSM sensored motor was tested in 0~2 000 r/min. The experimental step responses to desired
    speeds show good dynamic and smooth performance of the entire system.

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    State-of-the-art and technical trends of intelligent and connected vehicles
    LI Keqiang, DAI Yifan, LI Shengbo, BIAN Mingyuan
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2017, 08 (01): 1-14.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2017.01.001
    Abstract1368)      PDF (2806KB)(5990)      

    The state-of-the-art and technical trends of intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV) are illustrated.
    The ICV system architecture included the value chain, technology chain and industrial chain. The four stages of
    ICVs were the advanced assistance, connected assistance, cooperative automation and highly/fully automated
    driving. Some key technologies of ICVs were introduced such as environmental perception, decision making,
    dynamical control, human-machine copilot, V2X communication and platform, cyber security. Therefore, China
    should develop the ICV industry rely on the top-down design by using the national institutional advantages
    because the ICV will be an important direction of the automotive technology in the future, and the ICV
    development is a great opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of China's automobile industry.

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    Battery Thermal Management System with Liquid Cooling and Heating in Electric Vehicles
    YUAN Hao, WANG Li-Fang, WANG Li-Ye
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (4): 371-380.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.04.011
    Abstract1972)      PDF (2996KB)(5844)      
    The performance and life of electric-vehicle battery-systems are affected by the temperature. A
    liquid cooling/heating Battery Thermal Management (BTM) with an optimum geometric structure was designed
    to keep the average battery-system temperature in the range from 20 ℃ to 45 ℃ and the temperature gradient
    within 3 ℃ . According to overall system flow balancing in a BTM, cooling/heating plates with different structure
    parameters were simulated to investigate cooling effects of the BTM. An infrared thermal imager monitored the
    cooling/heating plate temperature rises in battery-system heating experiments. Experimental and simulation
    results were shown to be the same. The results show that the structure with an inlet and an outlet on the
    same side has an even flow distribution. By combining the simulation and optimization, the obtained optimum
    combination of the inlet velocity and the temperature in the cooling/heating plate reduces the plate-surfacetemperature
    standard-deviation to 2.61 ℃ , and makes the battery system uniformly heated.
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    Innovation in Automotive Engineering: A look into the future
    Henning Wallentowitz
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2013, 4 (2): 95-108.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.02.001
    Abstract2133)      PDF (2391KB)(5640)      
    Several countries’ governments are producing mandatory regulations of automotive engineering
    to reduce CO2 emission and fuel consumption. The electric vehicles are one of the results by engineers'
    special efforts. This paper gives a wider view of innovation of automotive engineering and a look into the
    future. Technology trends include that 1) More Intelligent driver assistance systems can be distinguished
    into safety functions, comfort functions, traffic efficiency improvement and environmental effect reduction; 2)
    Body technology is determined by the used materials with competition between multi-materials, steel, and
    carbon fibres; 3) Chassis technology is improved by integrated vehicle dynamics control, active suspension
    components and material application; 4) Drive trains are converted into hybrid-drives with intelligent solutions
    on the horizon for these hybrid gearboxes, but also for four-wheel drive systems; 5) Electronic control is
    focusing on central control modules, the mobile phone for quite new applications and inventions for car
    lighting.
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    Rear Seat Occupant Protection: What Do We Know and What is the Future?
    HU Jingwen
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2016, 07 (04): 339-354.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2016.04.001
    Abstract743)      PDF (1538KB)(5390)      

    Field data analyses have shown that the occupant protection in rear seats failed to keep pace with the advances in front seats likely due to their low occupancy and the lack of advanced safety technologies. This study provided a comprehensive literature review on rear seat occupant protection addressing the different needs for a diverse population, ranging from children in harness restraints to adults with a wide range of stature, age, and body shape. Based on the findings from field data analyses, experimental studies, and computational simulations, rear seat safety can be improved by properly using age-appropriate child restraints and introducing
    adjustable/advanced/adaptive features into the rear seat restraint systems. However, the lack of biofidelic injury assessment tools for children, older, and/or obese occupants will be one of the major challenges for further improving the rear seat safety. The increased proportion of older and obese populations, the growth of lightweight vehicles, the popularity of smart-phone-based ride service, and the advances in active safety technology and autonomous vehicles will likely increase the significance of rear seat safety but at the same time will pose additional challenges. All these trends suggested that more efforts on optimizing rear seat restraint systems adapting to a wide range of impact conditions, occupant characteristics and sitting postures are necessary in the future.

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    Status and prospect of automotive safety technology in China
    ZHAO Fu-Quan, WU Cheng-Ming, PAN Zhi-Jie, LIU Wei-Guo, LIU Wei
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (2): 111-121.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.003
    Abstract3132)      PDF (1917KB)(5024)      
     Investments of automotive safety technology have substantially been increased due to heavy casualty in traffic accident in China. It thereby accelerates the improvement of R&D capability of safety technology and commercialization process. The fact that the domestic-brand vehicles have achieved C-NCAP 5-star rating marks a great leap forward in terms of passive safety technology in China. The research of passive safety is further performed with regard to pedestrian protection, rear-row passenger’s protection, whiplash protection and cyclist protection. Meanwhile, the research and development of active safety, pre-crash safety and intelligent automotive network system have become the focuses. The perfect combination of high level active and passive safety technology regarding to passenger, vehicle and environment will promote the accomplishment of safety philosophy of zero crash and zero casualty. The subject establishment of state-level development and industrialization, and regulations constitution and perfection thereof will become the driving force of rapid growth of auto safety technology
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    Research status and prospects of automotive safety technology
    SONG Jian, WANG Weiwei, LI Liang
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2010, 1 (2): 98-106.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.002
    Abstract2596)      PDF (2516KB)(4885)      
    The current international vehicle technology was introduced. This article described the passive safety technology: automotive collision safety design and vehicle structure design technology, key technology of advanced passenger restraint systems, vehicle safety devices to protect pedestrians, collision safety and security performance evaluation database platform; and the active safety technology: vehicle dynamics stability control technology, integrated chassis control technology, intelligent security auxiliary control technology, pre-warning technology based on people - Vehicle dangerous condition monitoring. A development mode of the advanced automotive security technology, was proposed. The  trends of the car-road coordinate control, intelligent highway and basic research of common technology were also preseuted.
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    Corporate average fuel consumption (CAFC)and uts limit standard of passenger vehicle in China
    MA Dong, AN Feng, KANG Li-Ping
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (4): 364-370.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.04.010
    Abstract2219)      PDF (1954KB)(4814)      
    To promote the fuel economy level of passenger vehicle industry in China is beneficial to energy
    saving and emission reduction. The Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) of passenger vehicles
    in China market was investigated based on the authority’s data and standards. The results show that the
    passenger-vehicle CAFC in China market in the year of 2011 is 7.5 L/(100 km), which overall meets the target
    value of Phase 2 in the "Limits of Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars" (GB 19578-2004, 2004-09-02) of
    China, but does not meet the target of Phase 3 (GB 27999-2011, 2011-12-30). The vehicle companies with
    independent-brands have lower real CAFC values than those with the joint-venture-brands, but have a higher
    ratio of the real value to the CAFC target standard, so they have more work to do to meet the Phase 3 standard.
    Compared with domestic vehicles, imported passenger vehicles have higher CAFC real values and a higher
    ratio of the real value to the target standard, which shows a severe challenge to the domestic vehicles.
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    GDI Engine Operation with Ethanol/Gasoline Blends and Aqueous Ethanol
    Richard STONE, Longfei CHEN, Nathan HINTON, Felix LEACH, Fan XU
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (3): 257-264.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.03.009
    Abstract2297)      PDF (3857KB)(4773)      
    Ethanol is being promoted as a renewable fuel and as a means of improving energy security. The
    blends of gasoline and ethanol from 0 – 100 % ethanol were studied to evaluate their spray characteristics,
    combustion performances, and particulate emissions with blends of ethanol and water with up to 40 % water
    by volume being tested to research the combustion performances of different water ethanol blends and the
    miscibility of water with ethanol/gasoline blends using ternary phase diagrams for gasoline, ethanol, and water.
    The results show that presence of water in ethanol/gasoline mixtures is not an impediment to their use as a fuel
    in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Adding ethanol to gasoline increases the injected fuel volume and the
    persistence of the fuel sprays, especially for a cold engine, leads to reduced mixture homogeneity, a decrease
    in the combustion stability, and an increase in particulate matter emissions for a stoichiometric mixture. Adding
    water to ethanol further increases injected fuel volume, but the increase in combustion duration and reduction in
    combustion stability are not significant with up to 30 % water by volume.
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    Current status and trends of the research and development for fuel cell vehicles
    LI Jianqiu, FANG Chuan, XU Liangfei
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2014, 5 (01): 17-29.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.01.002
    Abstract1473)      PDF (1365KB)(4599)      
    A review on the state-of-art in the world for fuel cell technology was given, which is an efficient,
    clean, and new energy technology, including in China, northern America, European Union, Japan, South Korea
    and so on. A comparison analysis was made in different aspects, such as the technical specifications of fuel
    cell vehicles, the lifetime and the environmental adaptability of fuel cell engines, the hydrogen storage system,
    the key materials, the auxiliary system of fuel cells, the demonstration of fuel cell vehicles and the infrastructure
    of hydrogen refueling stations. The results show that global automobile companies are prepared for the
    industrialization of fuel cell vehicles, and will enter mass production stage in 2015; while fuel cell vehicles are still
    in the demonstration stage in China. The future hot points in next generation fuel cell vehicles are the cell life
    extension, the system cost reduction, the hydrogen infrastructure construction, and commercial demonstration.
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    Fuel Additives for Future Fuel and Vehicle Technologies
    Joseph W. ROOS, Larry J. CUNNINGHAM, Xu Fuqiang
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2010, 1 (2): 107-114.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.003
    Abstract2285)      PDF (1760KB)(4432)      
    Authors reviewed the role of fuel additive in producing quality transportation fuels and fuel additive for optimal vehicle performance, meanwhile studied fuel additive application for advanced hybrid vehicles and direct injection engines. Transportation fuel and vehicle technology are rapidly evolving in response to regulatory and commercial efforts to assure energy supply, improve fuel economy and reduce mobile source emissions.  Along with these changes, the fuels must meet the demands for transportation and storage in a safe and efficient manner and the vehicle performance requirements to ensure acceptable operation in consumer use.  This evaluation looks at the broad class of fuel additives and considers how they can provide fuel producers with a means to readily deliver safe and effective transportation of fuel and to allow for effective operation of changing engine technologies. 
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    Developing trends of automotive safety technology: An analysis based on traffic accident data
    LI Yibing, SUN Yueting, XU Chengliang
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2016, 07 (03): 241-253.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2016.03.001
    Abstract485)      PDF (2781KB)(4037)      

    Along with the development of economy and vehicle technology, traffic accidents have some particular characteristics including the high mortality of vulnerable road users and ‘nonstandard groups’ of people, crash incompatibility, high death rate of single-vehicle accidents, and a significant number of accidents caused by drivers’ insufficient perception. The developing trends of active safety technologies and passive safety technologies in terms of each subsystem by analyzing the traffic accident data in China, Europe and the United States since 2000. The main trends of passive safety include protection on vulnerable road users, adaptive passenger protection, crash compatibility and adaptive crashworthiness. The main trends of active safety include vehicle dynamic management and intelligent driving assistant. The comprehensive safety technology integrating the active and passive safety will be an important trend for the development of future vehicles.

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    PEM Fuel Cells: Current Status and Challenges for Electrical#br# Vehicle Applications
    LI Bing, LI Hui, MA Jian-Xin, WANG Hai-Jiang
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2010, 1 (4): 260-269.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.04.002
    Abstract3081)      PDF (1740KB)(4018)      
    Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology has already made tremendous advances. However,
    performance, cost, and durability remain the key problems before PEM fuel cells can be successfully commercialized. This
    paper is a review of current status in the study of PEM fuel cells and the existing challenges for their use in electrical vehicle
    (EV) applications,basedon a survey of the published literature. In reviewing the current status, we introduce presentstate-ofthe-
    art PEM fuel cell technology for EV applications and look at key technical achievements. PEM fuel cell research has made
    particularly significant progress in improving performance, cost, and durability, primarily focusing on the main components of
    the stack and system. Nonetheless, commercialization of fuel cell electrical vehicle (FCEV) applications is still confronted with
    performance, cost, and durability hurdles, hindering the achievement of the 2010/2015 US DOE (Department of Energy) targets.
    The maintenance of fuel cell vehicles as another component of their future commercializationwas also reviewed.
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    Contactless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Battery Charger
    Yuichi NAGATSUKA, Shingo NOGUCHI, Yasuyoshi KANEKO, Shigeru ABE, Tomio YASUDA, Kazuhiko IDA, Akira SUZUKI, Ryoichi YAMANOUCHI
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (2): 150-156.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.008
    Abstract2783)      PDF (2382KB)(3897)      
      Contactless power transfer systems are desirable having more compact and lightweight for electric vehicles (EVs) recharging. A transformer of the system was developed according to the criteria of having high efficiency, a large air gap, and good tolerance to misalignment. The transformer uses series and parallel capacitors with rectangular cores and double-sided windings, with the size of 240 mm×300 mm×40 mm, the gap length of (70 ± 20) mm, the misalignment tolerance in the lateral direction of ± 125 mm, and the secondary mass of 4.6 kg. The characteristics of the system were studied with a charge control circuit and lead acid batteries being connected to the secondary winding. The results show that an output power of 1.5 kW and efficiency of 95% was achieved in the normal position and that the system has acompact-structure, light-weight, and satisfies the above criteria.
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    State of the art and outlook of diesel emission regulations and
    aftertreatment technologies
    SHUAI Shijin, TANG Tao, ZHAO Yanguang, HUA Lun
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (3): 200-217.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.03.002
    Abstract2583)      PDF (8392KB)(3850)      
    Diesel engine has advantages of low fuel consumption, high torque output and wide power range,
    and has been widely used in transportation and engineering machinery as a power. The diesel powered
    vehicles can only meet future stringent emission regulations using aftertreatment devices. This paper compared
    the different vehicle emission regulations in Europe, the USA, Japan and China, and analyzed in-cylinder and
    aftertreatment technical approaches to meet the emission regulations for light-duty and heavy-duty diesel
    vehicles. The research status of the mainstream aftertreatment technologies like diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC),
    nitrogen oxides (NOx) selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx trap (LNT) and diesel particulate filter (DPF)
    was described and discussed. The future development of the diesel emission regulations and aftertreatment
    technologies was prospected.
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    Temperature sensitivity of lithium-ion battery: A review
    LI Ping, AN Fuqiang, ZHANG Jianbo, WANG Haoran
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2014, 5 (03): 224-237.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.03.002
    Abstract1345)      PDF (3316KB)(3796)      

    Temperature sensitivity statistics were collected and analyzed for lithium-ion battery (LIB) of electric
    vehicles (EV) based on survey of papers and patents. The results show that low and high temperatures have
    great effect on the performances, respectively, severely affecting the operation and the market penetration of
    EVs. To mitigate this problem, some techniques are used including changing raw material properties, optimizing
    cell designs, and using battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Further research for temperature
    sensitivity is to improve the cathode materials and anode materials of LIB to increase electric conductivities
    and ionic conductivities; to optimize electrode structures and cell structures to uniform thermal and electrical
    distribution; to develop new protocols for alternating current (AC) preheating/charging at low temperatures; and
    to incorporate the liquid cooling method.

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    Low carbon and zero carbon technology paths and key technologies of ICEs under the background of carbon neutrality
    SHUAI Shijin, WANG Zhi, MA Xiao, XU Hongming, HE Xin, WANG Jianxin
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2021, 12 (4): 417-439.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.04.001
    Abstract5140)   HTML637)    PDF (4021KB)(3701)      

    Since China promised to “reach the carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060” at the 75th United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, the Paris Agreement signed by major countries and regions in 2016 has controlled the rise of global temperature and accelerated carbon neutrality policies and actions. As the leading power of a large number of road and non-road mobile machinery and national defense equipment, internal combustion engine (ICE) not only undertakes the important mission of energy saving and emission reduction in the near and medium term, but also faces great challenges and important opportunities on how to achieve carbon neutrality in the future. Based on the analysis of carbon neutrality policies and actions in major European countries, America, Japan and China, this paper puts forward two technical paths and their feasibility of low-carbon and zero carbon of ICE in the near and medium term, as well as the key technologies to be solved for zero carbon ICE fueled by biomass fuel, green hydrogen, green ammonia and green electricity synthesized fuel (e-fuel). It aims to explore the road of sustainable development for the future of ICE. Existing research shows that ICE, as an efficient and high power density thermal engine for converting chemical energy into mechanical energy, still has a large room for energy saving through the combination of electrification and intelligent technologies. Compared with fuel cell power, ICE has a more complete industrial chain, higher technical maturity and lower cost. By utilizing zero carbon fuels, ICE can still be widely used in large-scale power equipment such as heavy trucks, construction machinery, ships and aviation, so as to promote the early realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China’s energy and transportation field.

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    Research and development of automobile electromagnetic brake technology for commercial vehicles
    HE Ren, HU Donghai, ZHANG Duanjun
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2013, 4 (3): 202-214.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.03.002
    Abstract2265)      PDF (4938KB)(3668)      

    Electromagnetic brakes (EBs) are widely applied in commercial vehicles for their characteristics of
    contactless, fast response, and simple controlling. The principle and research situation of EBs were given to
    expand their application scopes and functions. The application status, the structure, the working principle and
    the control method of EBs were discussed to three main EBs including the eddy current retarder, the rotary eddy
    current retarder, and the self-excited retarder for commercial vehicle. The results show that the key technologies
    are the external and inner characteristics of the electromagnetic brakes, the matching designs and the design
    of control strategy and the controller of united braking system of both electromagnetic and friction. Technology
    focus for electromagnetic braking will be the integrated system of electromagnetic brakes and frictional brakes,
    and function extension of electromagnetic brake system.

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    Safe distance model and obstacle detection algorithms for a collision warning and collision avoidance system
    PEI Xiaofei, LIU Zhaodu, MA Guocheng, YE Yang
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (1): 26-33.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.01.004
    Abstract2891)      PDF (1907KB)(3604)      
    Safe-driving was assisted with key parameters calibrated according to the driver’s characteristics
    using a developed system of vehicle collision warning and collision avoidance (CW/CA). The system defines the
    inverse of time-to-collision (TTC-1) as the evaluation index with the grading warning and braking safe distance
    model adopted based on hazardous level ε . A millimeter waveradar obstacle detection method was designed
    with adaptive cruise control (ACC). The system configuration and control logic were designed based on a Jetta
    car with the collision avoidance test and the manual / automatic interaction test implemented on dry roads. The
    real car experiments show that the CW/CA system in accordance with desired TTC-1 index improves vehicle
    active safety, and embodies the driver’s priority and cooperation.
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    Vehicle and Fuel Development in an Energy and Environmentally Constrained World
    WANG Michael Quanlu, KODJAK Drew, CAIHao
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (4): 271-293.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.04.001
    Abstract2077)      PDF (2734KB)(3562)      
    This paper summarizes the developments for vehicles and fuels in an energy and environmentally
    constrained world to solve transportation problems of air pollution, energy insecurity, and climate change. The
    results show that as the regulatory landscape in Europe and North America has recently moved to reductions
    of greenhouse gas emission caused by motor vehicles, efficient vehicle technologies and low-carbon fuels will
    play increasingly important roles in the transportation sector. Globally, multiple solutions are being pursued. Such
    solutions include efficient vehicle technologies, clean fuels, alternative fuels (including biofuels, advanced biofuels),
    and electric drive technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and battery-powered electric vehicles. Strong
    regulatory requirements for energy conservation and emission reductions for motor vehicles can continue to provide
    a platform and incentives for research, development, and deployment of these vehicle and fuel technologies.
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    Present and Future of Premixed Compression Ignition Engines
    Hongming XU
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2012, 3 (3): 185-199.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.03.001
    Abstract2756)      PDF (3466KB)(3539)      
    Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) was perhaps the most attractive topic during
    the last decade for engine combustion researchers so was subsequently investigated more intensively than other
    engine technologies. Its application has stagnated at the present but its derivatives such as partially premixed
    compression ignition (PPCI) still remain as promising alternatives to the conventional combustion systems. This
    paper presents an overview of the research on HCCI and its derivatives and it also provides a future outlook of
    the next generation of new combustion systems in relation to the concept of premixed compression ignition. It is
    believed that multiple injections of multiple fuels using even higher compression ratios combined with boosting
    will be the way forwards for high efficiency engines and this development trend will likely lead to merging of
    diesel and gasoline engine technologies using premixed compression ignition.
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    Vehicle networking concept and its automotive industry#br# applications based on ‘triple network convergence’
    XIE Boyuan, LI Keqiang, WANG Jiangqiang, ZHAO Shulian
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2013, 4 (4): 348-355.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.007
    Abstract1026)      PDF (1124KB)(3499)      

    Vehicle networking (VNC) is a combine of vehicle and “Telematics”. A new VNC concept based on
    triple-network convergence was put forward to answer some misunderstanding in VNC. The three networks
    include the on-board mobile internet, the inter-vehicle network, and the in-vehicle networking. The Telematics,
    the V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2I (vehicle to infrastructure), and the in-vehicle networking are fusing each other,
    and are integrating to V2X (X includes vehicles, infrastructures, pedestrians, internets or other needs). The
    definition and the connotation of VNC were proposed with the three core values including mobility, safety, and
    environment, and with three applicability key-technologies and four common key-technologies. The applications
    in automotive industry and prospects of the VNC were indicated.

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    Laser diagnostics for spray of spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) combustion system
    ZHANG Yuyin, ZHANG Gaoming, XU Min
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (4): 294-307.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.04.002
    Abstract2298)      PDF (2170KB)(3479)      
    The technologies for development of spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines still need further research in China. Advanced
    spray laser diagnostics, three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) modeling and the combustion diagnostics based on optical
    engine play leading roles in the development of SIDI combustion systems. Among these technologies, advanced laser diagnostics is becoming
    increasingly important, because through laser diagnostics one can realize visualization and quantitative measurements of in-cylinder processes,
    which are essential for validation of CFD modeling and understanding the physical phenomena in the mixture formation and combustion
    processes. This paper summarizes and compares various technologies in spray laser diagnostics which are used to provide information
    for modern SIDI combustion system development. The review includes diagnostics for spray structures, flow fields, droplet sizes and fuel
    evaporation, which enables optimization and matching of the spray, air flow and the combustion chamber of an SIDI combustion system.
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    Development status and trend of connected automated vehicle highway system
    RAN Bin, TAN Huachun, ZHANG Jian, QU Xu
    Journal Of Automotive Safety And Energy    2018, 9 (2): 119-130.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2018.02.001
    Abstract594)      PDF (1754KB)(3471)      

    Development status and trend of connected automated vehicle highway (CAVH) system are presented. The system consists of four key modules: sensing module, fusion and prediction module, planning module, and control module. The system initially starts from a level of “simple vehicle, smart road” or “smart
    system” and gradually migrates to a higher-level system of “smart vehicle, smart road”, which can significantly improve transportation efficiency, traffic safety and energy consumption. The development of the CAVH system is very important for China. Accordingly, the roles and functions of government agencies in transportation planning, construction and management need be well defined to develop the CAVH system.

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    Research progress of high efficient and clean combustion of automotive gasoline engines
    WANG Jianxin, WANG Zhi
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2010, 1 (3): 167-178.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.03.001
    Abstract3148)      PDF (2466KB)(3456)      
    This paper illustrates the development of Chinese automotive industry and the evolvement of related energy and emission regulations in the decade 2000—2009. It points out that the importance of energy-saving will exceed the problem of pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) and downsizing are the main two approaches for low fuel consumption.The downsizing technology for port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engines has an advantage of low cost, while the downsizing technology for GDI engines has a better fuel economy. The 2nd generation of GDI engines with stoichiometric combustion has a limited potential of low fuel consumption. The 3rd generation of GDI engine should solve three problems, including knock at high compression ratio, combustion stability in exhaust diluted atmosphere, and particulate matters formation in stratified mixture. Homogeneous charge compression ignition ( HCCI) is an ideal combustion mode for energy-saving and emission reduction of gasoline engines. Gasoline/diesel dual-fuel combustion can reach the highest benefit on fuel consumption, providing the possibility for unification of gasoline engines and diesel engines in the future.
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    Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications
    YI Bao-Lian, HOU Ming
    Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy    2011, 2 (2): 91-100.   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.001
    Abstract3354)      PDF (1428KB)(3446)      
    Durability is one of the challenges for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. The mechanisms and solutions
    for fuel cell degradation are elucidated from the material and system point of view. In the aspect of fuel cell system, typical
    operating processes are analyzed, such as driving cycles, start-stop, low load and idle conditions, in which reactant starvation,
    dynamic potential scanning and local high potential have significant impacts on the fuel cell durability. Feasible strategies are also
    discussed for mitigating the degradation. The current state and perspective are addressed on the durability of key material in fuel
    cells, i.e., catalyst, catalyst support, proton exchange membrane, membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plate. The effective
    methods to enhance the fuel cell durability should be based on both the material innovation and system improvement. Currently,
    the improvement on system control strategy is a feasible way to prolong fuel cell lifetime although it has been result in a complex
    system. Nevertheless, material innovation is a long term task to promote the fuel cell durability. Fuel cells with advanced durable
    materials and simply system is a desirable goal for the fuel cell vehicle application.
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