基于国家标准GB 11552滑车碰撞试验方法的乘员保护分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为完善中国国家标准GB 11552,保护驾乘人员的安全,基于滑车碰撞试验平台,搭建了6种碰撞工况试验方法,包括5^th假人+18˚、50^th假人+18˚、95^th假人+18˚、5^th假人-18˚、50^th假人-18˚和95^th假人-18˚等。分析了40款车型130次试验的假人损伤,探究了驾乘人员躯干和下肢的损伤风险。结果显示:这6种试验工况的假人头部损伤因数分别为:0.66、0.69、0.73、0.95、0.90和0.72;假人躯干损伤风险因数趋近1;假人下肢有损伤风险;身材较大的假人,产生损伤风险更大;靠近撞击侧的大腿损伤风险,高于外侧。因此,作者建议:在未来的中国国家标准GB 11552中,应对假人的躯干和下肢,进行适量的界定。

关键词: 乘用车, 国家标准, 滑车碰撞, 乘员保护, 假人损伤

Abstract:

Six kinds of collision conditions were built including the 5^th dummy +18°, the 50^th dummy +18°, the 95^th dummy +18°, the 5^th dummy -18°, the 50^th dummy -18° and the 95^th dummy -18°, based on a sled collision test platform, to improve the National Standard GB 11552 of China for protecting passengers’ safety. The dummy injuries were analyzed in 130 tests of 40 models, to explore the injury risk of torso and lower limbs of occupants. The results show that the dummy head injury factors are 0.66, 0.69, 0.73, 0.95, 0.90 and 0.72 in the six test conditions respectively, having a risk factor of approaching 1 for the dummy torso injury, and having some injury risk for dummy lower limbs. A greater size dummy has a greater injury risk at lower limb, with the injury risk near the impact side of lower limb is higher than that on the other side. Therefore, the authors suggest that the torso and lower limbs of a dummy should be defined appropriately in a future China National Standard GB 11552.

Key words: passenger cars, national standard, sled test, occupant protection, dummy injury

中图分类号:

U467.1+3

武永强, 娄磊, 冯琦. 基于国家标准GB 11552滑车碰撞试验方法的乘员保护分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 322-327.

WU Yongqiang, LOU Lei, FENG Qi. Occupant protection analysis based on the China National Standard GB 11552 about sled test method[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(3): 322-327.

图/表 11

参考文献 13

[1]	全国汽车标准化技术委员会. 乘用车内部凸出物[S]. GB 11552-2009. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009.
	National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee. The interior fittings of passenger car [S]. GB 11552-2009. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[2]	Saunders J W, Kuppa S, Prasad A. NHTSA’s frontal offset research program [R]. SAE Paper, 2004-01-1169.
[3]	Salwani M S, Barkawi B B, Ali A, et al. Energy absorption of partially filled side member subjected to oblique crash[J]. *Appl Mech Mat*, 2014, 3195:38-41.
[4]	牛卫中, 许鹏善, 刘金鑫. 小重叠正面斜角碰撞工况对车体耐撞性的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2017, 8(1):53-58.
	NIU Weizhong, XU Pengshan, LIU Jinxin. Influence of small overlap frontal oblique impact conditions on crashworthiness of car body[J]. *J Autom Safe Energ*, 2017, 8(1):53-58. (in Chinese)
[5]	陶孙文. 正面斜角碰撞事故的商用车驾驶员损伤与防护研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2019.
	TAO Sunwen. Research on damage and protection of commercial vehicle drivers in front oblique collision accident[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)
[6]	曹立波, 张萍, 颜凌波, 等. 在车对车碰撞条件下轿车斜角碰撞及小重叠碰撞的驾驶员损伤研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2016, 38(2):174-180.
	CAO Libo, ZHANG Ping, YAN Lingbo, et al. A study on driver injury in oblique and small overlap crashes under car to car collision[J]. *Automotive Engineering*, 2016, 38(2):174-180. (in Chinese)
[7]	刘优宝. 基于轿车的车与车斜角碰撞仿真及驾驶员损伤研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2017.
	LIU Youbao. Study on the drivers’ injury in oblique crash under car to car collision[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[8]	费敬, 陈可明, 乐中耀, 等. 约束系统匹配对车-车斜角碰撞中驾驶员损伤影响[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2014, 4(5):335-341.
	FEI Jing, CHEN Keming, YUE Zhongyao, et al. Study on development and optimization of driver restraint system for car-to-car oblique collision[J]. *Chin J Autom Engi*, 2014, 4(5):335-341. (in Chinese)
[9]	颜凌波, 丁宗阳, 曹立波, 等. 车车斜角碰撞工况下驾驶员损伤研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版). 2016, 43(4):59-66.
	YAN Lingbo, DING Zongyang, CAO Libo, et al. Study on driver injury in vehicle to vehicle oblique crashes[J]. *J Hunan Unive (Nat Sci Ed)*, 2016, 43(4):59-66. (in Chinese)
[10]	曹立波, 张超, 颜凌波, 等. 两车斜角碰撞工况下的约束系统优化趋势分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2019, 10(3):308-316.
	CAO Libo, ZHANG Chao, YAN Lingbo, et al. Analysis of the optimization trend of restraint system in two car oblique crash[J]. *J Autom Safe Energ*, 2019, 10(3):308-316. (in Chinese)
[11]	孙振东, 刘玉光. 汽车正面碰撞试验中后排乘员伤害特性的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2011, 33(8):664-668.
	SUN Zhendong, LIU Yuguang. A study on the injury characteristics of rear seat occupant in vehicle frontal crash test [J]. *Automotive Engineering*, 2011, 33(8):664-668. （in Chinese）
[12]	全国汽车标准化技术委员会. 乘用车正面偏置碰撞的乘员保护(GB/T 20913-2007) [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
	National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee. The protection of the occupants in the event of an off-set frontal collision for passenger car （GB/T 20913-2007）[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2007. （in Chinese）
[13]	中国汽车技术研究中心. C-NCAP管理规则(2021版) [S/OL].(2020-09-17), http//www.cncap.com.
	China Automotive Technology and Research Center. China-New Car Assessment Program (2021) [S/OL]. (2020-09-17), http//www.c-ncap.org. （in Chinese）

损伤部位	得分率 / %	车价格 / 万元	价格比重 / %
头颈部	100.0	<10	4
胸部	82.6	10~25	80
腿部	82.3	>25	16

损伤部位	得分率 / %	车价格 / 万元	价格比重 / %
头颈部	100.0	<10	4
胸部	82.6	10~25	80
腿部	82.3	>25	16

位置	碰撞角度/ (°)	工况编号	试验假人	座椅位置
驾驶员	+18	1	5^th	最前最上
		2	50^th	中间
		3	95^th	最后最下
副驾驶员	-18	4	5^th	最前最上
		5	50^th	中间
		6	95^th	最后最下

位置	碰撞角度/ (°)	工况编号	试验假人	座椅位置
驾驶员	+18	1	5^th	最前最上
		2	50^th	中间
		3	95^th	最后最下
副驾驶员	-18	4	5^th	最前最上
		5	50^th	中间
		6	95^th	最后最下

研究对象	碰撞角度/ (˚)	试验假人	车型	车型数量	试验次数	价格 / 万元	整车质量 / t
驾驶员	+18	5th	轿车	2	3	10~25	1.2~1.6
		5th	SUV	8	15	12~30	1.4~1.8
		50th	轿车	7	9	10~25	1.2~1.6
		50th	SUV	7	16	12~30	1.4~1.8
		95th	轿车	6	10	10~25	1.2~1.6
		95th	SUV	10	15	12~30	1.4~1.8
副驾驶员	-18	5th	轿车	2	3	10~25	1.2~1.6
		5th	SUV	10	13	12~30	1.4~1.8
		50th	轿车	6	9	10~25	1.2~1.6
		50th	SUV	8	16	12~30	1.4~1.8
		95th	轿车	7	11	10~25	1.2~1.6
		95th	SUV	10	13	12~30	1.4~1.8