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未来交通事故场景中乘员智能保护的挑战与机遇

周 青1 ，姬佩君1 ，黄 毅2 ，聂冰冰1, 3，黄 媛1   

  1. (1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京100084，中国；
    2. 清华大学苏州汽车研究院，苏州215000，中国；
    3. University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA)
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-11 出版日期:2017-12-30 发布日期:2018-01-03
  • 作者简介:周青 教授 博士，清华大学教授，博士生导师。中国汽车工程学会汽车安全技术分会主任委员，International Journal of Impact Engineering 副主编，以及International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 理事会委员。主要研究领域：汽车碰撞安全、乘员和行人碰撞保护、车身材料和结构在碰撞载荷下大变形响应和失效。E-mail: zhouqing@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675295,51705276) ；汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金(KF16172)。

Challenges and opportunities of smart occupant protection against motor vehicle collision accidents in future traffic environment

ZHOU Qing1, JI Peijun1, HUANG Yi2, NIE Bingbing1, 3, HUANG Yuan1   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Tsinghua-Suzhou Automotive Research Institute, Suzhou 215000, China;
    3. University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA)
  • Received:2017-09-11 Online:2017-12-30 Published:2018-01-03
  • About author:Prof. ZHOU Qing Ph.D, Professor in Tsinghua University, doctoral advisor. The director of the vehicle safety committee of Chinese Society of Automotive Engineers, an associate editor of International Journal of Impact Engineering and a council member of International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury. His research fields include vehicle crash safety, occupant and pedestrian impact protection, structural and material failures under impact loading. E-mail: zhouqing@tsinghua.edu.cn。

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摘要：

       该文预测了在未来智能交通环境下汽车碰撞事故的新问题，综述了技术驱动下的汽车乘员约束系统的智能化发展趋势。一方面，网联汽车技术和自动驾驶技术可降低汽车碰撞事故的发生率，将有更多高速队列行驶的情况出现，这样的高动能系统中因小概率意外引发的多车高速碰撞事故后果不容忽视。另一方面，智能行车技术也将提升碰撞预判的准确性与乘员约束系统的优化。结合乘员状态识别技术、不同人体的碰撞损伤特性数据以及赛车驾驶员约束形式，为不同的碰撞工况、乘坐形式和姿态以及乘员的生物力学特性，提供有针对性的实时、自适应碰撞保护，在确保高速碰撞事故中乘员安全的同时兼顾舒适性和方便性。

关键词: 未来交通, 智能行车技术, 乘员保护, 约束系统, 智能控制

Abstract:

This paper predicts new issues of vehicle collision accidents in the environment of future intelligent traffic, and reviews the trend of smart occupant protection driven by the development of future traffic technology.In the future, connected vehicles and autonomous driving technologies will reduce occurrence rate of motor vehicle collision accidents. In vehicle platoon with high-speed and small following distance, if any small probability incident triggers an accident, large number of severe injuries will result in multiple-vehicle collisions at high-speed. On the positive aspect, future intelligent transportation technologies will achieve more reliable pre-crash sensing. Accurate information of occupant status and pre-crash warning will enable development of smart occupant restraint system that can provide tailored protection for occupants with different sitting postures, statures and biomechanical characteristics, as well as different crash modes and crash severities. Referencing the concept of uniform restraint, current restraint system may be optimized, and new restraint modes may be envisioned and developed for protections from high-speed crash. Such a restraint system will be adaptive and tunable to different situations, and it will only be applied on occupant body when needed, offering safety function without sacrificing comfort and convenience.

Key words: future traffic/ intelligent transportation technologies/ , vehicle safety/ occupant protection/ restraint system/ smart control