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汽车安全与节能学报

JASE ›› 2016, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (04): 339-354.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2016.04.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

汽车后排乘员保护——回顾与展望( 英文)

胡敬文   

  1. 密歇根大学 交通研究院；2. 密歇根大学 机械工程系，安娜堡市，密歇根州，418109， 美国
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-17 出版日期:2016-12-25 发布日期:2016-12-28
  • 作者简介:胡敬文，密歇根大学交通研究院和机械工程系副研究员。研究兴趣主要集中在通过实验、模拟计算和流行病学多学科相结合的方法进行汽车碰撞中损伤生物力学的研究。最近的课题集中在各种碰撞工况下不同人群的的自适应安全设计。

Rear Seat Occupant Protection: What Do We Know and What is the Future?

HU Jingwen   

  1. 1. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute,
    2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 418109, USA）
  • Received:2016-11-17 Online:2016-12-25 Published:2016-12-28
  • About author:Dr. Jingwen HU，An Associate Research Scientist at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute and the Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of Michigan. His research interests primarily focus on injury biomechanics in motor-vehicle crashes by a multidisciplinary approach using combination of experimental, numerical, and epidemiological procedures. His recent research focuses on adaptive safety designs under various crash scenarios for a diverse population.

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摘要：

事故数据显示，汽车后排乘员保护未能跟上前排乘员安全进步的步伐，可能因为其使用率不高和没有使用先进的安全技术。该文综述了后排乘员保护，旨在解决后排乘员多样化（从需要儿童座椅的儿童到不同身高、年龄和体型的成年人）造成的不同安全需求。基于事故数据分析、实验研究和计算机模拟的结果，正确使用适龄儿童约束系统和引入可调节、高级、或自适应的约束系统可以改善后排乘员安全。然而，缺乏具有足够人体真实度的代表儿童、老年人、和肥胖者的损伤评估工具或将成为进一步改善后排乘员安全的主要挑战之一。老年人和肥胖人口的比例增加、轻型车辆的增长、智能手机打车服务的普及、以及主动安全和无人驾驶车辆技术的进步将可能增加后座安全的重要性，同时也会对后排乘员保护带来额外的挑战。因而，未来需努力优化适应各种碰撞工况、乘员特性和坐姿的后排乘员约束系统。

关键词: 汽车安全, 后排乘员保护, 多样化人群, 安全带, 安全气囊, 乘员约束系统优化, 无人驾驶车辆

Abstract:

Field data analyses have shown that the occupant protection in rear seats failed to keep pace with the advances in front seats likely due to their low occupancy and the lack of advanced safety technologies. This study provided a comprehensive literature review on rear seat occupant protection addressing the different needs for a diverse population, ranging from children in harness restraints to adults with a wide range of stature, age, and body shape. Based on the findings from field data analyses, experimental studies, and computational simulations, rear seat safety can be improved by properly using age-appropriate child restraints and introducing
adjustable/advanced/adaptive features into the rear seat restraint systems. However, the lack of biofidelic injury assessment tools for children, older, and/or obese occupants will be one of the major challenges for further improving the rear seat safety. The increased proportion of older and obese populations, the growth of lightweight vehicles, the popularity of smart-phone-based ride service, and the advances in active safety technology and autonomous vehicles will likely increase the significance of rear seat safety but at the same time will pose additional challenges. All these trends suggested that more efforts on optimizing rear seat restraint systems adapting to a wide range of impact conditions, occupant characteristics and sitting postures are necessary in the future.

Key words: vehicle safety, rear seat occupant protection, diverse population, seatbelt, airbag, restraint system optimization, autonomous vehicle