基于中国能源和材料的乘用车全生命周期温室气体排放分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

获取汽车全生命周期温室气体（GHG）排放数据是研究汽车节能减排技术路径的基础。该文基于2019年中国能源和材料的数据，针对乘用车生产、行驶、回收和再生环节，系统地分析采用不同燃料内燃动力、锂电池纯电动力、燃料电池动力以及不同燃料混合动力等8种乘用车的全生命周期GHG排放结果，并结合中国发电能源结构、制氢路径、甲醇生产路径、动力系统效率变化以及石油开采和炼制过程减碳水平，预测未来不同能源场景下的结果。研究表明： 2019年的甲醇车、甲醇混动车、汽油车、氢燃料电池车、汽油混动车、蓝色甲醇车、纯电动车和蓝色甲醇混动车的GHG排放分别为384.7、283.4、226.6、180.9、171.1、158.7、139.4和123.5 g/km；面向未来能源场景，这8种乘用车的GHG排放都会大幅下降，在2060年氢燃料电池车、纯电动车和蓝色甲醇混动车的GHG排放相当，低于其他动力系统。

关键词: 乘用车, 全生命周期, 温室气体排放, 能源, 动力系统

Abstract:

Obtaining life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data are the basis for the study of vehicle energy conservation and emissions reduction technology pathway. Based on the China's data of energy systems and materials in 2019, this paper systematically analyzed the GHG emissions results of eight kinds of vehicles with four power systems, including internal combustion engine with different fuels, lithium battery, fuel cell and hybrid system with different fuels, in the whole processes of passenger car production, driving, recycling and regeneration. Moreover, the future results under different energy scenarios were predicted by considering the variation of the power generation mixes, hydrogen production mixes, and methanol production mixes, the efficiency improvement of power systems, and the carbon reduction of the advancing crude oil extraction and refining process in China. The results show that the GHG emissions of methanol vehicle, methanol hybrid vehicle, gasoline vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, gasoline hybrid vehicle, blue methanol vehicle, pure electric vehicle and blue methanol hybrid vehicle in 2019 are 384.7, 283.4, 226.6, 180.9, 171.1, 158.7, 139.4 and 123.5 g/km respectively. For the future energy scenarios, the GHG emissions of eight kinds of vehicles will be significantly reduced, and the GHG emissions of blue methanol hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are comparable in 2060, which are lower than the other vehicles.

Key words: passenger cars, life cycle, greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, energy, power system

中图分类号:

X828

付洋, 王步宇, 帅石金. 基于中国能源和材料的乘用车全生命周期温室气体排放分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(6): 744-754.

FU Yang, WANG Buyu, SHUAI Shijin. Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars based on energy and materials in China[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 744-754.

图/表 12

参考文献 58

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发电方式	占比 / %	发电方式	占比 / %
燃煤发电	63.34	光电	3.12
水电	18.11	生物质发电	1.57
风电	5.64	地热能发电	0.12
核电	4.85	燃油发电	0.02
燃气发电	3.23

发电方式	占比 / %	发电方式	占比 / %
燃煤发电	63.34	光电	3.12
水电	18.11	生物质发电	1.57
风电	5.64	地热能发电	0.12
核电	4.85	燃油发电	0.02
燃气发电	3.23

类型	温室气体排放（g·kWh^-1)	类型	温室气体排放（g·kWh^-1)
风	19.88	油	0.57
光	35.00	气	0.57
水	3.84	生物质	1.09
核	3.22	地热	6.32
煤	0.79

类型	温室气体排放（g·kWh^-1)	类型	温室气体排放（g·kWh^-1)
风	19.88	油	0.57
光	35.00	气	0.57
水	3.84	生物质	1.09
核	3.22	地热	6.32
煤	0.79

供应源	份额 / %	供应源	份额 / %
中国本土	30.13	伊朗	0.80
俄罗斯联邦	10.27	利比亚	0.74
沙特阿拉伯	4.55	哈萨克斯坦	0.43
伊拉克	4.08	委内瑞拉	0.42