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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (3): 185-191.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.03.001

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汽车儿童安全保护的欧美法规对比及未来研究方向

张金换1，李志刚1，胡敬文2，成 波1   

  1. 1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京100084，中国；
    2. 密歇根大学 交通研究院，安娜堡，密西根48109，美国
  • 收稿日期:2011-09-06 出版日期:2011-09-27 发布日期:2011-10-13
  • 作者简介:张金换,教授，清华大学汽车碰撞试验室主任，中国汽车工程学会汽车安全技术分会秘书长,《汽车安全与节能学报》副主编。主要从事汽车碰撞安全性设计、乘员约束系统及儿童乘员安全性等方面的研究。获得国家科技进步二等奖、汽车科技进步一、二、三等奖和美国通用汽车公司(GM) 中国科技成就奖（个人奖）等10余项奖励。

Child passenger safety regulation comparison between Europe and United States and the developing trends

ZHANG Jinhuan1,  LI Zhigang1,  HU Jingwen2,  CHENG Bo1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • Received:2011-09-06 Online:2011-09-27 Published:2011-10-13

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摘要： 美国联邦机动车安全标准(FMVSS)和213法规和欧洲经济委员会(ECE)的R44法规是国际上被普遍采用的儿童乘车安全保护法规。该文对比了ECE R44和FMVSS 213，并参照了相关文献。分析结果表明：ECE R44 在试验工况、儿童损伤指标评价、儿童座椅固定方式等方面要优于FMVSS 213；在儿童假人的使用方面FMVSS 213要优于ECE R44。因此，中国在制定机动车儿童乘员法规时，建议以ECE R44法规为主，并加入FMVSS 213的优势部分; 儿童安全保护的研究方向是：儿童损伤生物力学，儿童假人的改进，儿童安全带位置及假人姿态的控制。

关键词: 乘用车, 儿童安全保护, 法规, 美国联邦机动车安全标准(FMVSS), 欧洲经济委员会(ECE),  生物力学, 儿童假人

Abstract: Regulations such as FMVSS 213 in the USA and ECE R44 in Europe have been widely used for child passenger safety. These two regulations and other relevant references were analyzed and compared, which shows that  ECE R44 is superior to FMVSS 213 in test conditions, child injury criteria, and fixed forms of child restraint systems, and is inferior to FMVSS 213 in child dummies used at present. When stipulating Chinese regulations for child passenger safety, ECE R44 should be focused with the advantages of FMVSS 213 also included. Therefore, the future research in child passenger safety should include the child injury biomechanics, child dummy improvement, seatbelt position determination, and dummy posture control.

Key words: passenger car, child passenger safety, regulation, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and  Regulations (FMVSS), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), biomechanics, child dummy

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