欢迎访问《汽车安全与节能学报》，
汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2): 152-160.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.02.007

• 汽车安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国和美国校车国家标准对比及校车座椅动态试验

杨 欣1,2，许述财1，张金换1*，马春生1   

  1. 1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084 ；2. 河北农业大学 机电工程学院和长城汽车学院，保定 071001
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-25 出版日期:2013-06-25 发布日期:2013-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 张金换，教授。E-mail:zhjh@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨欣（1974—），男（汉），河北，副教授，博士后。E-mail:xinyang@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国博士后科学基金项目（20100480290）；保定长安客车制造有限公司委托项目（20122000687）

National regulation comparison for special school bus betweens China and US and dynamic tests of school bus seats

YANG Xin1,2, XU Shucai1, ZHANG Jinhuan 1, MA Chuns heng 1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ；2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & College of Great Wall Automotive, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
  • Received:2013-03-25 Online:2013-06-25 Published:2013-06-27

PDF

2109

摘要： 学童乘车安全受到公众广泛关注。该文对比了中国和美国校车国家标准中关于车辆结构耐撞性和乘员保护相关内容。在保证乘员生存空间和有效减轻学生乘员二次碰撞伤害方面，两国标准有不同解释。依据中国新国家标准中相关的试验方法，在清华大学汽车碰撞试验室，采用减速台车，对中国某校车和美国某校车的座椅系统分别进行了30 次的抗前倾性能动态试验。试验结果表明：两种座椅的假人头部、胸部、腿部的伤害允许指标HIC、ThAC、FAC 等的各种指标，均能达到中国校车国家标准相关规定；但在骨架型式、制造工艺和结构强度方面，中美校车座椅有诸多不同之处。

关键词: 汽车安全性, 专用校车, 乘员保护, 车辆结构耐撞性, 国家标准, 座椅系统, 动态试验

Abstract: School bus safety has been attracting extensive public attention. China and US national regulations about special school buses were analyzed and compared in vehicle structure crashworthiness and occupant protection. The two countries have different understandings in guaranteeing vehicle living space and effectively reducing the occupant secondary collision injuries. Seat impact tests were carried out 30 times for a China school bus and a US school bus according to the forward resistance test method of the new special school bus regulations of China using an impact sled at the Automobile Crash Laboratory of Tsinghua University. The results show that all the allowed indexes of the dummy can reach the new national technical requirement of China, including the head injury criterion (HIC), the thorax acceptability criterion (ThAC), and the femur acceptability criterion (FAC), with differences existing between US and China in school bus seat framework, manufacturing technique and structure intensity.

Key words: vehicle safety, special school bus, occupant protection, vehicle structure crashworthiness, national regulations, seat system, dynamic tests

中图分类号: