储能电站锂离子电池系统风液双循环优化设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.04.007

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 568-576.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.04.007

储能电站锂离子电池系统风液双循环优化设计

刘金祎¹(), 王炎¹^,²^,^*(), 庞英杰¹, 于瑞广¹, 牟瑞涛¹, 卢兰光², 李亚伦², 王贺武², 张立磊³, 李明明³

¹ 青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院，青岛 266520，中国
² 清华大学，智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室（原汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室），北京 100080，中国
³ 烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司，烟台 264006，中国

收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-08-27
通讯作者: *王炎，副教授。E-mail：wangyan2387@163.com。
作者简介:刘金祎（2000—），男（汉），山东，硕士研究生。E-mail：ljy09163116@163.com。
基金资助:
智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室开放基金(KFY2402);国家重点研发储能专项(2022YFB2404800)

Optimized design of wind-liquid double cycle for lithium-ion battery system in energy storage power station

LIU Jinyi¹(), WANG Yan¹^,²^,^*(), PANG Yingjie¹, YU Ruiguang¹, MOU Ruitao¹, LU Languang², LI Yalun², WANG Hewu², ZHANG Lilei³, LI Mingming³

¹ College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
² National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicles and Transportation (formerly State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Conservation), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
³ Yantai Creating New Energy Technology Co., LTD., Yantai 264006, China

Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-02-24 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升储能电站锂离子电池系统温度一致性，从温度均匀性控制以及温差动态调控的角度出发，提出了锂离子电池风液双循环热管理系统。在中低温环境下依靠风冷调节电池温度，在高温环境下依靠风液复合冷却调节电池温度。围绕风量、风温、冷却液温度、流量等4个因素，开展仿真实验；通过一维、三维联合仿真，优化换热结构，分析温升、温均性能参数影响显著性。结果表明：在2倍额定大功率放电工况下，与传统底面冷板结构相比，本文的风液双循环系统的放电末期温差降低了18%。与100 s送风周期相比，300 s送风周期可使系统温差减少31%，即1.18 ℃。参数敏感因素从大到小排序为：风温、风量、冷却液温度、流量。从而，本设计改善了温差动态调控，有利于延长储能电池系统的服役寿命。

关键词: 储能电站, 锂离子电池系统, 电池热管理, 一维、三维联合仿真, 温度均匀性

Abstract:

A thermal management system with dual air-liquid circulation was proposed based on the temperature homogeneity control and the dynamic temperature difference regulation to enhance the temperature uniformity in lithium-ion battery systems for energy storage power stations. The system utilized air cooling under low-to-medium temperature conditions to combined air-liquid cooling in high-temperature environments. Simulation experiments investigated 4 control parameters including the air volume, the air temperature, the coolant temperature, and the coolant flow rate. The heat exchange structure was optimized through 1D-3D co-simulations to analyzing the significance of temperature rise and the uniformity of performance parameters. The results show that under twice the rated high-power discharge, the proposed system reduces the end-of-discharge temperature difference by 18% compared to the conventional bottom cold plate structures. A 300 s air supply cycle achieves a 31% reduction in the temperature difference (of 1.18 °C) versus a 100 s cycle. Parameter sensitivity decreases in the order as the air temperature, the air volume, the coolant temperature, and the coolant flow rate. Therefore, the dual air-liquid circulation design enhances dynamic temperature difference control with extending the service life of energy storage battery systems.

Key words: energy storage power stations, lithium-ion battery systems, battery thermal management, one-dimensional/three-dimensional joint simulation, temperature uniformity

中图分类号:

TM910.2

刘金祎, 王炎, 庞英杰, 于瑞广, 牟瑞涛, 卢兰光, 李亚伦, 王贺武, 张立磊, 李明明. 储能电站锂离子电池系统风液双循环优化设计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(4): 568-576.

LIU Jinyi, WANG Yan, PANG Yingjie, YU Ruiguang, MOU Ruitao, LU Languang, LI Yalun, WANG Hewu, ZHANG Lilei, LI Mingming. Optimized design of wind-liquid double cycle for lithium-ion battery system in energy storage power station[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(4): 568-576.

图/表 17

参考文献 22

[1]	HE Bin, REN Yongfeng, XUE Yu, et al. Research on the frequency regulation strategy of large-scale battery energy storage in the power grid system[J]. Int’l Trans Elect Energy Syst, 2022, 2022(1): No 4611426.
[2]	LI Wei, Akhil G, XIAO Mi, et al. Intelligent optimization methodology of battery pack for electric vehicles: A multidisciplinary perspective[J]. Int’l J Energy Res, 2020, 44(12): 9686-9706.
[3]	DENG Yuanwang, FENG Changling, E Jiaqiang, et al. Effects of different coolants and cooling strategies on the cooling performance of the power lithium ion battery system: A review[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2018, 142: 10-29.
[4]	ZHANG Furen, LIN Aizhen, WANG Pengwei, et al. Optimization design of a parallel air-cooled battery thermal management system with spoilers[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2021, 182: No 116062.
[5]	YUE Qianli, HE Changxiang, WU Maochun, et al. Advances in thermal management systems for next-generation power batteries[J]. Int’l J Heat Mass Transf, 2021, 181: No 121853.
[6]	CHEN Fenfang, HUANG Rui, WANG Chongming, et al. Air and PCM cooling for battery thermal management considering battery cycle life[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2020, 173: No 115154.
[7]	TANG Wei, DING Hua, XU Xiaoming, et al. Research on battery liquid-cooled system based on the parallel connection of cold plates[J]. J Renew Sustain Energy, 2020, 12(4): No 045701
[8]	YANG Huizhu, LI Mingxuan, WANG Zehui, et al. A compact and lightweight hybrid liquid cooling system coupling with Z-type cold plates and PCM composite for battery thermal management[J]. Energy, 2023, 263: No 126026.
[9]	Heyhat M M, Mousavi S, Siavashi M. Battery thermal management with thermal energy storage composites of PCM, metal foam, fin and nanoparticle[J]. J Energy Stor, 2020, 28: No 101235.
[10]	Choudhari V G, Dhoble A S, Panchal S. Numerical analysis of different fin structures in phase change material module for battery thermal management system and its optimization[J]. Int’l J’Heat’Mass Transf, 2020, 163: No 120434.
[11]	LIU Jiahao, CHEN Hao, HUANG Silu, et al. Recent progress and prospects in liquid cooling thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Batteries, 2023, 9(8): 400-400.
[12]	Mehrabi-Kermani M, Houshfar E, Ashjaee M. A novel hybrid thermal management for Li-ion batteries using phase change materials embedded in copper foams combined with forced-air convection[J]. Int’l J Therm Sci, 2019, 141: 47-61.
[13]	SONG Limin, ZHANG Hengyun, YANG Chun. Thermal analysis of conjugated cooling configurations using phase change material and liquid cooling techniques for a battery module[J]. Int’l J Heat Mass Transf, 2019, 133: 827-841.
[14]	ZHANG Yafang, HUANG Juhua, CAO Ming, et al. A novel sandwich structured phase change material with well impact energy absorption performance for Li-ion battery application[J]. J Energy Stor, 2021, 40: No 102769.
[15]	Hamed M M, El-Tayeb A, Moukhtar I, et al. A review on recent key technologies of lithium-ion battery thermal management: External cooling systems[J]. Results in Engineering, 2022, 16: No 100703.
[16]	ZHAO Luyao, LI Wei, WANG Guoyao, et al. A novel thermal management system for lithium-ion battery modules combining direct liquid-cooling with forced air-cooling[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2023, 232: Paper No 120992.
[17]	ZHAO Gang, WANG Xiaolin, Negnevitsky M, et al. A review of air-cooling battery thermal management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles[J]. J Power Sour, 2021, 501: No 230001.
[18]	Fayaz H, Afzal A, Samee A D M, et al. Optimization of thermal and structural design in lithium-ion batteries to obtain energy efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS): A critical review[J]. Arch Comput Meth Eng, 2022, 29(1): 129-194.
[19]	Tahhan A B A, Ramadan M, Alkhedher M, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of a liquid-air hybrid system for advanced battery thermal management[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2024, 253: No 123754.
[20]	MA Ruixin, REN Yimao, WU Zhe et al. Optimization of an air-cooled battery module with novel cooling channels based on silica cooling plates[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2022, 213: No 118650.
[21]	Mehrabi-Kermani M, Houshfar E, Ashjaee M, et al. A novel hybrid thermal management for Li-ion batteries using phase change materials embedded in copper foams combined with forced-air convection[J]. Int’l J Therm Sci, 2019, 141: 47-61.
[22]	YANG Wen, ZHOU Fei, ZHOU Haobing, et al. Thermal performance of cylindrical lithium-ion battery thermal management system integrated with mini-channel liquid cooling and air cooling[J]. Appl Therm Eng, 2020, 175: No 115331.

类型	LiFePO₄
额定容量	280 Ah
额定电压	3.2 V
高度	207.1 1mm
宽度	174.7 mm
厚度	71.65 mm
额定能量	896 Wh
能量密度	160 Wh/kg
充电截止电压	3.65 V
放电截止电压	2.5 V
电芯密度	2 kg/dm³
电芯比热容	1 kJ/(kg·K)

类型	LiFePO₄
额定容量	280 Ah
额定电压	3.2 V
高度	207.1 1mm
宽度	174.7 mm
厚度	71.65 mm
额定能量	896 Wh
能量密度	160 Wh/kg
充电截止电压	3.65 V
放电截止电压	2.5 V
电芯密度	2 kg/dm³
电芯比热容	1 kJ/(kg·K)

高度方向导热系数	24 W/(m·K)
宽度方向导热系数	14 W/(m·K)
厚度方向导热系数	4 W/(m·K)
外壳密度	2.66 kg/dm³
冷却液密度	1.071 kg/dm³
导热胶密度	2.0 kg/dm³
外壳比热容	1.758 kJ/(kg·K)
冷却液比热容	3.300 kJ/(kg·K)
导热胶比热容	0.350 kJ/(kg·K)
外壳导热系数	162 W/(m·K)
冷却液导热系数	0.38 W/(m·K)
导热胶导热系数	0.15 W/(m·K)

高度方向导热系数	24 W/(m·K)
宽度方向导热系数	14 W/(m·K)
厚度方向导热系数	4 W/(m·K)
外壳密度	2.66 kg/dm³
冷却液密度	1.071 kg/dm³
导热胶密度	2.0 kg/dm³
外壳比热容	1.758 kJ/(kg·K)
冷却液比热容	3.300 kJ/(kg·K)
导热胶比热容	0.350 kJ/(kg·K)
外壳导热系数	162 W/(m·K)
冷却液导热系数	0.38 W/(m·K)
导热胶导热系数	0.15 W/(m·K)

送风模式	Δθ / ℃	C_θ
A	2.8	1.13
B	2.2	0.58
C	2.5	0.82
D	2.3	0.47

储能电站锂离子电池系统风液双循环优化设计

Optimized design of wind-liquid double cycle for lithium-ion battery system in energy storage power station

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 17

参考文献 22

相关文章 11

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

期刊信息

在线期刊

作者中心

审稿中心

联系我们

工况编号	环境温度 / ℃	风扇循环
1	17	风扇关闭
2	17	200 s
3	17	300 s
4	17	400 s
5	24	风扇关闭
6	24	200 s
7	24	300 s
8	24	400 s

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23

参数类型	C_Δ_θ	C_θ
风温	0.123	0.011
风量	0.117	0.010
冷却液温度	0.041	0.006
冷却液流量	0.016 8	0.001 3

[1]	谢元鹏, 张甫仁, 谭海坤, 肖康, 邱帅帅, 孙世政. 锂离子电池新型分支通道翅片液体冷却板的设计优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(3): 443-451.
[2]	邱帅帅, 张甫仁, 孙世政, 陶远兵, 陶佳辉, 谭海坤. 基于多目标优化的液冷板散热性能分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(6): 905-914.
[3]	李龙辉, 张甫仁, 黄郅凯, 李雪, 赵浩东, 史亚洲, 孙世政, 赵海波. 水轮型翅片组耦合均温板的多目标及拓扑优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(2): 208-217.
[4]	赵浩东, 张甫仁, 路兴隆, 黄郅凯, 李雪, 孙世政. 仿生四叶草型翅片液冷板与传热特性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(5): 637-647.
[5]	李雪, 张甫仁, 路兴隆, 黄郅凯, 赵浩东, 史亚洲. 锂离子动力电池蛇形通道液体冷却板的性能优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 385-392.
[6]	雍安姣, 项阳, 付永宏, 汪爽, 郭廷, 王勇. 搭配低温散热器的PHEV电池冷却系统的节能效果[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(4): 796-803.
[7]	张甫仁, 鲁福, 吴博, 肖康. 内部结构组合形式优化对冷板冷却性能的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(2): 368-377.
[8]	陈友鹏, 张国庆, 秦启超, 覃卓庚, 邓坚, 李新喜. 电动汽车用柔性复合相变材料的电池热管理系统[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(1): 168-175.
[9]	蔡森林, 魏名山, 宋盼盼, 魏洪革. 基于直流道液冷板的动力电池冷却性能仿真[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 380-385.
[10]	李平，安富强，张剑波，王浩然. 电动汽车用锂离子电池的温度敏感性研究综述[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2014, 5(03): 224-237.
[11]	袁昊, 王丽芳, 王立业. 基于液体冷却和加热的电动汽车热管理系统[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3(4): 371-380.

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23

编号	风量 (L·min^-1)	风温 ℃	冷却液流量 (L·min^-1)	冷却液温度 ℃
L1	2	21	20	25
L2	2	23	30	24
L3	2	25	40	23
L4	2	27	50	22
L5	3	21	30	23
L6	3	23	20	22
L7	3	25	50	25
L8	3	27	40	24
L9	4	21	40	22
L10	4	23	50	23
L11	4	25	20	24
L12	4	27	30	25
L13	5	21	50	24
L14	5	23	40	25
L15	5	25	30	22
L16	5	27	20	23