水轮型翅片组耦合均温板的多目标及拓扑优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决传统通道型液冷板功耗高、散热效率低等问题，提出了用于电动车的一种异形化的水轮形扰流翅片组耦合均温板电池热管理系统。水轮组的组合方式、布置位置和数量等因素确定基础模型后，使用多目标优化方法，分析了翅片长度、翅片倾角、中心距离出口边距离和两出口间距离。为了进一步提升液冷板均温性，在液冷板外侧添加均温板，以温度为目标函数对其进行拓扑优化。结果表明：与初始模型相比平均温度和标准差分别降低了1.83 ℃和0.45，综合评价指标—热性能因子（TPF）提升77.8%。翅片长度、倾角、出口位置及其附件扰流对液冷板各项性能有着显著影响。在流体通道所占体积分数为0.8时，液冷板的平均温度进一步下降2.6 ℃，温度标准差下降0.206，TPF相较添加前继续提升18.9%。

关键词: 电动车（EV）, 锂电池, 电池热管理, 结构设计, 多目标优化, 拓扑优化

Abstract:

A special-shaped thermal management system of hydrothermal chamber batteries coupled with spoiler fin groups was proposed for electric vehicles (EV) to solve the problems of the high-power consumption and the low heat dissipation efficiency of traditional channel-type liquid cold plates. A multi-objective optimization method was used to analyze the fin length, the fin inclination, the distance between the center and the exit edge, and the distance between the two outlets after a basic model was determined by discussing the combination mode, arrangement position, and number of water wheel sets. the average temperature decreases 1.83 ℃ with a standard deviation of 0.45 compared with the initial model. The comprehensive evaluation index, thermal performance factor (TPF), increases 77.8%. The results show that the fin length, the angle, the outlet arrangement, and its accessory turbulence have significant effects on the liquid cooling-plate performances. The liquid cooling-plate average-temperature further decreases 2.64 ℃ with a temperature standard-deviation decreasing 0.206, and a TPF increasing18.9% compared with the cooling-plate without the temperature homogenization plate when the fluid-passage volume-fraction is 0.8.

Key words: electric vehicles (EV), lithium battery, battery thermal management, structure design, multi-objective optimization, topology optimization

中图分类号:

U467.14

李龙辉, 张甫仁, 黄郅凯, 李雪, 赵浩东, 史亚洲, 孙世政, 赵海波. 水轮型翅片组耦合均温板的多目标及拓扑优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(2): 208-217.

LI Longhui, ZHANG Furen, HUANG Zhikai, LI Xue, ZHAO Haodong, SHI Yazhou, SUN Shizheng, ZHAO Haibo. Multi-objective and topological optimization of hydro-wheel fins coupled vapor chambers[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(2): 208-217.

图/表 17

图1 液冷板基础模型结构示意图

物质	比热容，c_p	导热系数， k	动力粘度，μ	密度，ρ·
物质	kJ·kg^-1·K^-1	W·m^-1·K^-1	mPa·s	kg·dm^-3
铝	0.871	202.4	-	2.719 0
水	41.882	0.6	1.003	0.998 2

表1 铝板和水的性能参数

图2 水轮及翅片末端涡流示意图

图3 水轮形翅片组与传统翅片组扰流云图

C	I / A	Q_V / (kW·m^-3)	Q_A / (kW·m^-2)
1	15	15.9	0.287
2	30	42.9	0.771
3	45	80.9	1.454
4	60	129.7	2.334
5	75	189.6.	3.412

表2 各放电倍率下电流大小及产热量

图4 网格独立性分析

图5 小型均匀分布及大小轮组合方式

图6 结构1、结构2的温度云图、速度云图

图7 结构3及结构4模型结构

图8 结构3及结构4模型的温度及速度云图

范围	设计变量
范围	X₁, (D₁/ mm)	X₂, (D₂/ mm)	X₃, (α / (°))	X₄, (L / mm)
上限	45.75	64	60	9
初值	29.00	32	40	5
下限	15.25	0	30	4

表3 变量设计参数

类别	θ_w / ℃	SD
拟合预测值	33.52	1.399
仿真结果	33.78	1.455
误差	0.20	0.056

表4 预测结果与仿真结果对比

图9 预测最优模型的温度及速度云图

图10 结构1与最优模型速度云图对比

图11 拓扑优化后的均温板与电池组配合安装示意图

图12 各体积分数下输出材料体积因子阈值图

φ / %	θ_ave / ℃	SD	TPF
100	33.908	1.307	1.914
80	33.991	1.249	1.968
60	33.922	1.368	1.840
40	33.976	1.308	1.720
20	33.890	1.427	1.782

表5 各体积分数下液冷板CFD模拟结果

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