锂离子电池新型分支通道翅片液体冷却板的设计优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提升电池热管理系统的综合性能，该文提出一种基于翅片式的新型液冷板结构。选取菱形翅片液冷板为实验对象，讨论了不同的翅片结构和翅片排列方式对液冷板散热性能的影响；基于选优后的翅片液冷板提出了新型的翅片结构；采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行多目标优化，分析结构参数（翅片的开口宽度、翅片外轮廓厚度、翅片内腔体宽度）对平均温度和压降的影响。结果表明：排列方式为3×8的椭圆形翅片液冷板相较于菱形翅片液冷板综合性能提高了9%，平均温度下降了约0.1 ℃，压降降低了0.43 Pa。在椭圆型翅片内部添加分支通道后，经过多目标优化后的新型翅片结构平均温度下降了0.257 ℃（0.7%），压降下降0.784 Pa（16.31%），表明液冷板的散热性能得到了有效提升；该研究为散热器的设计与分析提供了新的方法和理论依据。

关键词: 电池热管理, 翅片式液冷板, 多目标优化算法, 数值模拟

Abstract:

A new type of liquid cooling plate structure based on finned type was proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of the battery thermal management system. Firstly, a rhombic finned plate liquid cooler was selected as the experimental object, and the influence of different fin structures and different fin arrangements on the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooler was investigated. Secondly, a new fin structure was proposed based on the optimized finned plate. Finally, the NSGA-II algorithm was used for multi-objective optimization, and it was analyzed that the influence of structural parameters (fin opening wide, fin outer contour thickness, fin inner cavity wide) on the average temperature and pressure drop. The results show that the elliptical finned plate liquid cooler with a 3×8 arrangement has a 9% improvement in comprehensive performance compared to the rhombic finned plate liquid cooler, with an average temperature drop of about 0.1℃ and a pressure drop reduction of 0.43 Pa. After adding branch channels inside the elliptical fins, the average temperature of the new fin structure after multi-objective optimization drops by 0.257℃ (0.7%), and the pressure drop drops by 0.784 Pa (16.31%), indicating that the cooling performance of the liquid cold plate has been effectively improved, thereby providing a new approach and theoretical basis for the design and analysis of heat sinks.

Key words: battery thermal management, finned liquid cold plate, multi-objective optimization algorithm, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK124

谢元鹏, 张甫仁, 谭海坤, 肖康, 邱帅帅, 孙世政. 锂离子电池新型分支通道翅片液体冷却板的设计优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(3): 443-451.

XIE Yuanpeng, ZHANG Furen, TAN Haikun, XIAO Kang, QIU Shuaishuai, SUN Shizheng. Design optimization of a novel branched-channel fin liquid cooling plate for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(3): 443-451.

图/表 17

参考文献 24

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冷板模型	翅片形状	翅片尺寸/ mm
A1	菱形	长轴11.27 ，短轴7.52
A2	菱形	长轴11.27 ，短轴7.52
A3	长方形	长边7.97 ，短边5.32
A4	长方形	长边7.97 ，短边5.32
A5	正方形	边长6.51
A6	椭圆形	长径9.0，短径6.0
A7	椭圆形	长径9.0，短径6.0
A8	圆形	半径7.35

冷板模型	翅片形状	翅片尺寸/ mm
A1	菱形	长轴11.27 ，短轴7.52
A2	菱形	长轴11.27 ，短轴7.52
A3	长方形	长边7.97 ，短边5.32
A4	长方形	长边7.97 ，短边5.32
A5	正方形	边长6.51
A6	椭圆形	长径9.0，短径6.0
A7	椭圆形	长径9.0，短径6.0
A8	圆形	半径7.35

放电倍率	I / A	Q_v/ (kW·m^-3)	Q_A/ (kW·m^-2)
1 C	15.0	15.9	0.287
2 C	30.0	42.9	0.771
3 C	45.0	80.8	1.454
4 C	60.0	129.7	2.334
5 C	75.0	189.6	3.412

放电倍率	I / A	Q_v/ (kW·m^-3)	Q_A/ (kW·m^-2)
1 C	15.0	15.9	0.287
2 C	30.0	42.9	0.771
3 C	45.0	80.8	1.454
4 C	60.0	129.7	2.334
5 C	75.0	189.6	3.412

q_m / (g?s^-1)	θ_exp/ ℃	θ_sim/ ℃	σ / %
0.5	41.26	40.94	0.8
1	34.06	33.16	2.7
1.5	31.77	31.24	1-7
2	30.63	29.60	3.5