3种冷却结构的涡轮增压器性能的对比分析与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为优化涡轮增压器的热管理策略并平衡其节能与排放性能，以船用动力为平台，采用仿真与试验相结合的方法，对比了干式（DTC）、单水冷（SWC）与双水冷（DWC） 3种涡轮增压器排气装置的冷却特性。结果表明：双水冷方案将排气管出口温度显著降低32 ℃，滤纸式烟度（FSN） = 1.6，超出国家标准限值（1.5），燃油消耗率（BSFC） = 203.8 g/kWh，较干式方案（196.4 g/kWh）升高约3.8%；单水冷方案在维持合理排气管出口温度（418 ℃）的同时，FSN = 1.17，满足排放法规，BSFC = 204.9 g/kWh 与双水冷方案相当。从而，单水冷方案在热管理、排放合规性与燃油经济性之间取得了最佳平衡，是综合性能最优的工程适用方案。

关键词: 涡轮增压器, 热管理, 冷却性能, 烟度排放, 燃油经济性

Abstract:

A combined simulation and an experimental approach were adopted on a marine power platform and compared the cooling characteristics of three turbocharger exhaust devices: dry-type (DTC), single water-cooled (SWC), and double water-cooled (DWC), to optimize the thermal management strategy of turbochargers and to balance the energy-saving and the emission performances. The results indicate that while the DWC scheme significantly reduces the exhaust pipe outlet temperature by 32 ℃, its filter smoke number (FSN) of 1.6 exceeds the national standard limit of 1.5, and its brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 203.8 g/kWh is approximately 3.8% higher than that of the DTC scheme (196.4 g/kWh). In contrast, the SWC scheme maintains a reasonable exhaust pipe outlet temperature of 418 ℃, achieves an FSN of 1.17 which complies with emission regulations, and has a BSFC of 204.9 g/kWh comparable to the DWC scheme. Consequently, the SWC scheme achieves the best balance among thermal management, emission compliance, and fuel economy, making it the optimal engineering solution with the best comprehensive performance.

Key words: turbochargers, thermal management, cooling performances, smoke emission, fuel economy

中图分类号:

TK421.8

张钞威, 李颂, 吕柏苍, 康秀臣, 丁开放, 白亚宸, 王子奕. 3种冷却结构的涡轮增压器性能的对比分析与试验[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(2): 236-243.

ZHANG Chaowei, LI Song, LÜ Baicang, KANG Xiuchen, DING Kaifang, BAI Yachen, WANG Ziyi. Performance analysis and its experiments of turbochargers with 3 types of cooling structures[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 236-243.

图/表 18

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参数名称	符号	定义标准
涡轮进口温度	θ_tur,in	SAE J1828
涡端进口温度	θ_t,in	SAE J1828
涡轮出口温度	θ_t,out	SAE J1828
排气管出口温度	θ_ex,out	ISO 15550∶2016
进出口温差	Δθ_tur,ex	SAE J1828
冷却水入口温度	θ_cw,in	ISO 15550∶2016
冷却水出口温度	θ_cw,out	ISO 15550∶2016
中冷后气体温度	θ_ic,out	ISO 15550∶2016
中冷后气体压力	p_ic,out	ISO 15550∶2016
进口压力	p_in	SAE J1828
出口压力	p_out	SAE J1828
整机压损	Δp_total	SAE J1828
膨胀比	π	ISO 3046-1∶2002
燃油消耗率	BSFC	ISO 3046-1∶2002
滤纸式烟度	FSN	ISO 10054∶1998

参数名称	符号	定义标准
涡轮进口温度	θ_tur,in	SAE J1828
涡端进口温度	θ_t,in	SAE J1828
涡轮出口温度	θ_t,out	SAE J1828
排气管出口温度	θ_ex,out	ISO 15550∶2016
进出口温差	Δθ_tur,ex	SAE J1828
冷却水入口温度	θ_cw,in	ISO 15550∶2016
冷却水出口温度	θ_cw,out	ISO 15550∶2016
中冷后气体温度	θ_ic,out	ISO 15550∶2016
中冷后气体压力	p_ic,out	ISO 15550∶2016
进口压力	p_in	SAE J1828
出口压力	p_out	SAE J1828
整机压损	Δp_total	SAE J1828
膨胀比	π	ISO 3046-1∶2002
燃油消耗率	BSFC	ISO 3046-1∶2002
滤纸式烟度	FSN	ISO 10054∶1998

工况	n / (万r·min^-1)	气体域			冷却水域
工况	n / (万r·min^-1)	q_m_,in / (kg·s^-1)	θ_tur,in / ℃	出口条件	q_m_,in / (kg·s^-1)	θ_tur,in / ℃	p_out / kPa
额定	7.0	0.20	750	自由流出	7.0	73	200
怠速	5.0	0.15	650	自由流出	7.0	73	200

工况	n / (万r·min^-1)	气体域			冷却水域
工况	n / (万r·min^-1)	q_m_,in / (kg·s^-1)	θ_tur,in / ℃	出口条件	q_m_,in / (kg·s^-1)	θ_tur,in / ℃	p_out / kPa
额定	7.0	0.20	750	自由流出	7.0	73	200
怠速	5.0	0.15	650	自由流出	7.0	73	200

工况	结构	θ_tur,in / ℃	θ_t,out / ℃	θ_ex,out / ℃	Δθ_tur,ex / ℃
额定	DTC	752	667	436	316
	SWC	752	613	387	365
	DWC	752	596	334	418
怠速	DTC	648	563	323	325
	SWC	648	523	295	353
	DWC	648	507	264	384