基于气动与热平衡特性的混动轻卡主动进气格栅技术

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.010

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 757-765.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.010

基于气动与热平衡特性的混动轻卡主动进气格栅技术

郑松峰¹(), 钱多德¹^,², 龚震¹, 钱叶剑¹^,^*()

1.合肥工业大学汽车与交通工程学院，合肥 230009，中国
2.安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司，合肥 230601，中国

收稿日期:2025-05-25 修回日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-10
通讯作者: *钱叶剑，教授。E-mail：qianyjian@163.com。
作者简介:郑松峰（2000—），男（汉），河南，硕士研究生。E-mail：zhengsongfeng@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52476110);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52401377);安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(2408085QE140);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(JZ2023HGQA0139)

Active grille shutter technology for hybrid electric light-duty trucks based on computational fluid dynamics

ZHENG Songfeng¹(), QIAN Duode¹^,², GONG Zhen¹, QIAN Yejian¹^,^*()

1. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Co., Ltd. (JAC Motors), Hefei 230601, China

Received:2025-05-25 Revised:2025-07-02 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决混合动力商用车双重热源耦合工况下固定格栅难以动态匹配差异化散热需求的难题，该文以混动轻卡车型为例，采用计算流体力学方法（CFD）探究主动进气格栅（AGS）偏转方向和角度对其气动及热平衡性能的影响，进而提出AGS控制策略。结果表明：AGS全开显著增加冷却组件进气量，改善热平衡性能；AGS叶片下偏较上偏可引导气流至冷却组件，避开复杂底盘零件，在强化换热的同时还能降低前舱风阻；冷却组件进气量受前舱流场结构与AGS偏角的协同影响；在50 km/h爬坡和110 km/h高速工况下将AGS下偏角分别设置为60°和75°，既能满足前舱换热需求，还能分别降低风阻系数约3.21%和3.88%。因此，对混动轻卡车型进行AGS优化匹配设计，并关联AGS控制策略，是改善热平衡与能耗的重要手段。

关键词: 汽车热管理, 混动轻卡, 主动进气格栅（AGS）, 风阻系数

Abstract:

The application of active grille shutter (AGS) technology was investigated to address the challenge of traditional fixed grilles in hybrid commercial vehicles failing to dynamically adapt to differentiated thermal management demands under dual-heat-source coupling conditions. The impact of AGS de-flection orientation and angle on the aerodynamic and thermal balance performance of a hybrid light truck was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. And an optimized AGS control strategy was proposed to enhance heat dissipation efficiency while reducing aerodynamic drag, thereby balancing energy consumption and thermal regulation requirements in complex oper-ating scenarios. The results show that the full operating condition of AGS can significantly increase the air intake of the intercooler and radiator, improving the thermal balance performance. The lower deviation of the AGS blades can guide the airflow to the cooling components, and avoid complex chassis parts, resulting to enhance the heat transfer situation and reduce the drag coefficient by about 2.85%. Under the conditions of 50 km/h climbing and 110 km/h high-speed, setting 60° and 75° grille opening can meet the heat transfer needs of the hair cabin, but also reduce the wind resistance coefficient of about 3.21% and 3.88%, respectively. Therefore, it is an important technical means to improve the thermal balance performance and energy consumption state to carry out the AGS optimal matching design and to associate the AGS control strategy on the hybrid light truck model.

Key words: vehicle thermal management, hybrid commercial vehicles, active air intake grilles (AGS), wind resistance coefficient

中图分类号:

U462.2

郑松峰, 钱多德, 龚震, 钱叶剑. 基于气动与热平衡特性的混动轻卡主动进气格栅技术[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(5): 757-765.

ZHENG Songfeng, QIAN Duode, GONG Zhen, QIAN Yejian. Active grille shutter technology for hybrid electric light-duty trucks based on computational fluid dynamics[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(5): 757-765.

图/表 16

图1 混动商用汽车前舱与底盘布置

图2 计算域示意图

边界名称	边界设置
入口边界	速度入口
出口边界	压力出口
地面	固定，无滑移
顶部	壁面
侧面	壁面
散热器、冷凝器	多孔介质
风扇	移动参考坐标系

表1 外流场数值模拟边界条件设置

散热组件	惯性阻力系数	粘性阻力系数
中冷器	59.573	146.560
发动机散热器	116.100	736.000
电机散热器	198.740	827.870
冷凝器	233.490	319.980

表2 前舱各散热组件的多孔介质参数

	入口温度 / ℃	出口温度 / ℃	风扇后温度 / ℃
爬坡试验	110.9	108.1	105.0
爬坡仿真	110.0	105.6	100.5
高速试验	94.2	88.3	85.0
高速仿真	92.6	86.4	82.5

表3 仿真与试验结果对比分析

图3 三维汽车前格栅模型

图4 未配备AGS和AGS全开前舱速度云图

图5 AGS上下偏转45°前舱速度云图

图6 4种工况下前舱温度云图

图7 Y = 70 mm截面不同AGS开度下的速度分布图

图8 Y = 70 mm截面下不同AGS开度下的温度分布图

图9 50 km/h工况不同AGS开度下主要散热部件的进气量

图10 50 km/h工况下空气阻力系数随AGS开度的变化

图11 110 km/h工况不同AGS开度下主要散热部件的进气量

图12 110 km/h工况下空气阻力系数随AGS开度的变化

图13 不同工况下发动机散热器冷却液出口温度随AGS向下偏转角度的变化

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基于气动与热平衡特性的混动轻卡主动进气格栅技术

Active grille shutter technology for hybrid electric light-duty trucks based on computational fluid dynamics

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