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汽车安全与节能学报

JASE ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1): 16-31.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2019.01.002

• 综述与展望 • 上一篇    下一篇

重型柴油车满足近零排放法规的技术分析

帅石金，刘世宇，马 骁，张 俊，王国仰，果泽先，蔡开源，肖建华   

  1. （清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国）
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-15 出版日期:2019-03-31 发布日期:2019-04-01
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author ： 帅石金（1965 年—），男（汉），江西，教授。E-mail: sjshuai@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划（2018YFB0106402，2017YFC0211105）。

Technology analysis of heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet near zero emission regulations

SHUAI Shijin, LIU Shiyu, MA Xiao, ZHANG Jun, WANG Guoyang, GUO Zexian, CAI Kaiyuan, XIAO Jianhua   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Received:2019-02-15 Online:2019-03-31 Published:2019-04-01

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摘要：

       为满足未来越来越严格的排放法规，重型柴油车需要缸内净化和高效排气后处理的协同优化。该文对比了欧洲、美国及中国重型柴油车现行排放法规。分析结果表明：满足国Ⅵ、欧Ⅵ、US 2010 法规的重型柴油车有害物排放对空气质量影响可以忽略不计；由此，上述法规可定义为近零排放法规。为达到这些近零排放法规的要求，介绍了部分缸内清洁燃烧技术及后处理技术，据此总结出两条满足近零排放法规的技术路线：废气再循环(EGR) 和纯选择性催化还原(SCR)。为满足美国加州超低氮氧化物(NOx) 排放法规，对比了NOx 被动吸附器（PNA）路线和紧耦合SCR 路线。结果表明：EGR 路线对低温NOx 排放控制效果好；纯SCR 技术路线的燃油经济性好；PNA 路线的NOx排放更低，系统结构简单；紧耦合SCR 技术路线成本低，耐久性好。

关键词: 重型柴油车, 近零排放法规, 氮氧化物(NOx) , 颗粒物(PM) ,  减排技术,  缸内净化, 后处理

Abstract:

Diesel engines need co-optimization for in-cylinder purification and high efficiency exhaust aftertreatment technologies to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations in the future. This paper compared different current emission regulations in Europe, the USA and China for heavy-duty diesel vehicles.
The analysis results show that for the diesel vehicles which meet the China VI, Euro VI, and US 2010 regulations, the influence of the harmful emissions on air can be neglected, so these regulations can be defined as near-zero emissions. To achieve the near-zero emission regulations, several in-cylinder clean combustion and aftertreatment technologies were described; based on these technologies, two technical routes of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and selective catalyst reduction (SCR)-only were summarized. To meet the ultra-low NOx emission regulation in USA California, two technical routes of passive NOx absorber (PNA) and close-coupled SCR were compared. The results show that the EGR route has good control effect on low temperature NOx emission; the SCR-only route has good fuel economy; the PNA route has low NOx emissions and simple system structure; while the close-coupled SCR technology has low cost and good durability.

Key words: heavy-duty diesel truck, near-zero emission regulations, nitrogen oxides (NOx), particle matter (PM), emission reduction,  in-cylinder purification, exhaust aftertreatment