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• 2015, Vol. 6 No. 04
  Published on:25 December 2015 Previous issue    Next issue
  Progress & Prospects

  Advanced Ignition Systems for Future Clean Combustion Engines: Review

  Ming ZHENG, Shui YU

  2015, 6(04):  295.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.001

  Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (4712KB) ( 2572 )  

  Abstract: The rapidly progressing of advanced ignition methods and systems in recent years was summarized.
  The working principles of the primary types of advanced ignition systems, on which the ignition system
  improvement directions are highly based, and the test results of relevant engine and combustion vessel were
  introduced. The main advanced ignition systems, including the high-energy spark ignition, the high-voltage
  pulsed power ignition, the radio-frequency plasma ignition, and the laser ignition, were commented in terms of
  the ignition effectiveness and the implementation challenges according to the previous reports and the extensive
  empirical work at the author’s laboratory. In conclusion, the future clean combustion engines tend to employ
  diluted charges using low temperature combustion strategies to improve the fuel economy and reduce the
  exhaust emissions. But all the future advanced mixture control activities inside an engine cylinder, including the
  reactivity suppression, the heterogeneous distribution, and the intensified motion, will increase the difficulties of
  ignition control. Advanced high energy ignition systems are considered being able to improve the ignition control
  of future hign efficiency clean combustion engines.

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  State-of-art of the wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles

  GAO Dawei, WANG Shuo, YANG Fuyuan

  2015, 6(04):  314-327.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.002

  Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (2752KB) ( 2693 )  

  As one of contactless electric power transfer technologies for electric-vehicle (EV) charging,
  the Wireless Charging Technology (WCT) has the highlights of high safety, intelligent operation, flexible
  configurations, etc. This paper reviewed the technical architecture, categories and features for EV WCT. The
  state-of-art of several hot issues were summarized, including power electronic topologies, coupler structures,
  power transfer levels, modeling approaches, biosafety, etc., and practical achievements of the relative
  automotive enterprises and laboratories were also concluded. The future technical developing trends for this
  technology include the innovation and optimization of power electronics topologies and control algorithms, the
  biosafety and the utilization of new materials, etc., and the applicative trends cover the on-line wireless charging,
  assistant driving, V2X((Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G), (Vehicle-to-Home, V2H), etc.) bidirectional power transfer, etc.

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  Automotive Safety

  Open-loop model of drivers’ emergency lane-change behavior#br# based on the naturalistic driving data

  ZHU Xichan, LIU Zhichao, LI Lin

  2015, 6(04):  328-332.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.003

  Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (2693KB) ( 1336 )  

  In order to describe drivers’ behavior when driver takes an emergency lane-change action, an openloop
  model was proposed based on the naturalistic driving data which was collected by the program named
  China pilot Field Operation Test. Almost 228 lane-change use cases were extracted from the naturalistic driving
  data. Steering wheel angle rate combined with steering wheel angle were used as filters to classify the different
  emergency degrees of lane-change. The duration of drivers’ emergency lane-change was studied based
  on a liner dependency between the maximum values of both steering wheel angle and steering wheel angle
  rate. Parameters were fitted by the 50th percentile of the naturalistic driving data collected from lane-change
  scenarios .The model can be applied in research of Chinese drivers’ behavior and its values have been proved
  by both significant test and correlation test. The results of tests show that coherence of the outputs from real
  driver and the model is good, so the model can well describe Chinese drivers’ emergency lane-change behavior.

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  Side impact compatibility between minivan and SUV

  LI Zhuo1, CHEN Tao1, WANG Guoqiang1, DUAN Libin1, ZHANG Heng2

  2015, 6(04):  333-340.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.004

  Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (2367KB) ( 1146 )  

  The side crash accident between SUV (sport utility vehicle) and minivan leads to serious injury
  for passengers in the impacted car. The authors explored the compatibility between minivan and a SUV
  using simulation method. The compatibility between minivan and SUV was undesirability as found in premier
  simulation. Single variable principle was used to explore influence factors for side impact compatibility. And
  multi-group simulated analyses were carried out by changing the mass ratio between two vehicles, the lateral
  stiffness of target vehicle, and the geometric structure, respectively. The results show that the two-vehicle mass
  ratio has the most effect on the B pillar maximum intrusion velocity at waist line; the side stiffness has the most
  influence on the B pillar intrusion displacement; and the geometric structure has the most impact on the target
  vehicle door maximum intrusion displacement.

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  Progress & Prospects

  Design of front structural crashworthiness based on a#br# theoretical derivation method

  QI Hongjuan, SHEN Bo, YIN Gaoji, WANG Pengxiang, ZHOU Dayong, LIU Weiguo

  2015, 6(04):  341-345.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.005

  Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1975KB) ( 1179 )  

  A theoretical derivation method was described for calculating the front structure’s length and section
  force of a positive development vehicle to move structural worthiness design forward to the conceptual design
  phase and to obtain desired deformation behaviors of front structures and an ideal impact pulse. A 3-step
  equivalence crash pulse design method was used. The 3-steps were the crash-box deformation step, the front
  member deformation step, and the rear member and dash intrusion step. The 3-step structure’s section forces
  were derived by a 3-step pulse target which was set in the prophase The 3-step structure lengths were derived
  ccording to the energy conservation principle. The method was validated by numerical simulation. The results
  show that the front structure has an ideal behavior of axial deformation. Therefore, the method can provide the
  critical design parameters effectively in the conceptual phase with the method being especially suit for a positive
  developing vehicle.

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  Automotive Safety

  R & D of a traction control system (TCS) for electric vehicles

  2015, 6(04):  346-353.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.006

  Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (2439KB) ( 2230 )  

  A traction control system (TCS) controller was designed for a pure electric vehicle with an
  unopened source motor using its software to meet anti-slip function requirements by selecting a MC9S12XS128
  microcontroller (MCU). The hardware circuits were designed for main system, power system, signal conditioning,
  accelerator pedal signal collection, CAN (controller area network) bus collection, and the output system. The
  TCS had four modules for starting, running, braking, and fault monitoring. TCS control strategies were developed
  for different operating conditions. The function verification test was completed for the four modules. The results
  show that the TCS controller works well, and can limit the slip trend at about 10% effectively. Therefore, the
  controller can ensure vehicle safety and meet the anti-slip control requirements.

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  Effects of abdomen block stiffness on female occupant injuries#br# and submarining trend

  CAO Libo, LIU Feixia, YAN Lingbo

  2015, 6(04):  354-359.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.007

  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (2070KB) ( 1003 )  

  Occupant abdomen injury is a common injury in car crash, and 5-percentile female occupant is
  prone to be submarining for her small stature. A frontal full width sled impact simulation model was built based
  on finite element simulation software LS-DYNA with a Hybrid III 5th female dummy. A single control variable
  method was used to investigate the effects of abdomen block stiffness on female occupant injuries and
  submarining trend. The results show that the abdomen block stiffness had little influence on occupant chest
  deformation and acceleration. While, the peak value of resultant acceleration, the value of 15-ms head injury
  criterion (HIC15) and the peak value of pelvis rear rotation angle can rise when the value of abdomen block
  stiffness increased in 25%; the peak value of resultant acceleration, the value of HIC15 and the peak value of
  pelvis rear rotation angle can also rise when the value of abdomen block stiffness decreased in 25%. Therefore,injuries of female occupant can be increased to some extent, and the submarining trend can also be amplified
  when the value of abdomen block stiffness is increased or decreased in 25%.

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  Effects of abdomen block stiffness on female occupant injuries and submarining trend

  ZHANG Jinhuan, LI Hao, ZHOU Yong, FU Hailong, HUANG Yang, XIAO Lingyun, HU Wenhao, DONG Honglei

  2015, 6(04):  360-364.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.008

  Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (2160KB) ( 1068 )  

  The support leg of child restraint system (CRS) is an anti-reversal equipment of the ISOFIX type
  CRS. However, the misuse of the equipment by consumers is very common. Several sled tests were carried
  out to analyze the influence of the support leg misuse on the safety performance of CRS quantitatively, using
  the P-series 3-year-old (P3) dummy with different layouts of the support leg, and the injury values of the dummy
  under both normal conditions and misused conditions were compared. The increase of each injury value of the
  dummy under the misused condition was analyzed with the simulation in the environment of MADYMO. The trial results
  show that the head forward excursion, the HIC head injury criteria, and the chest resultant 3-ms acceleration of
  the dummy increases by 14.3%, 37.2% and 37.3% respectively at most when the support leg is misused.

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  Model simulation of curtain airbag deployment based on#br# corpuscular method

  QI Yufei, JIANG Binqing, JU Chunxian, YUE Guohui, CHEN Xianling

  2015, 6(04):  365-370.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.009

  Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (1987KB) ( 1123 )  

  Curtain airbag (CAB) is an important equipment to improve vehicle safety. This paper investigated
  the deployment process of a CAB by using control volume method (CV) and corpuscular method (CPM) in
  software Primer. A CAB deployment simulation model was established based on the selected trim meshing, the
  CAB folding, and the CAB deployment. This model was used to simulate and compare the CAB deployment
  process from both the CV and the CPM method and to analyze the effect of the two methods on oriented
  brackets in two working conditions with or without having oriented brackets. The results show that the CAB
  deployment process by using CPM method is more close to the real test conditions than the deployment process
  by CV method. Therefore, by adding oriented brackets on B pillar and C pillar, can guide the direction of CAB
  deployment and avoid moveing CAB into the gap between trim and car body, this leads CAB deploy normally
  and smoothly.

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  Impact test methodology based on ultra-high speed imaging and inertial effects

  ZHU Haibin,PIERRON Fabrice,PAN Bing

  2015, 6(04):  371-378.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.010

  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (2751KB) ( 1101 )  

  A novel methodology was proposed using inertial effects at high strain rates to take advantages
  of full-field measurements, especially the ability to measure the heterogeneous deformation. The acceleration
  fields and the dynamic strain fields were acquired on the specimen surface under impact load by ultra-high
  speed full-field measurements. Then, full-field data were processed by the virtual fields method to identify
  material constitutive parameters. Both the numerical simulation and experimental tests validated the feasibility of
  this methodology. The results show that the application of inertial effects for high strain rate testing can simplify
  the experimental set-ups. For instance, the input and output bars in Hopkinson bar tests are not be required
  anymore because of no need of any impact force measurement. Moreover, the design space for high strain rate
  testing can be enlarged to the specimens with complex shape or soft texture.

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  Application of the occupant injury investigation in frontal crash based on THUMS model

  2015, 6(04):  379-383.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.011

  Abstract ( 456 )   PDF (2192KB) ( 1909 )  

  Evaluation analysis research was carried on the head, chest, and leg hurt of occupant body in
  frontal crash by using a human body model, the fourth generation THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety).
  A finite element model (FEM) of restraint system was established using a dynamic nonlinear explicit finite
  element method based on a domestic SUV (sports utility vehicle) component test and frontal crash test with
  a Hyperworks as processor and with a dynamics analysis software LS-Dyna solver for simulation model. The
  results show that the head of the THUMS human body model has no injury risk with the skull maximum stress
  of 2.4 MPa and the intracranial pressure of 44 kPa; And the legs have no injury risk because of the maximum
  strain of 0.4% for both the femur and the tibia, and the strain of 3.6% for right and left anterior cruciate ligament.
  The rib strain is above 3% with the chest compression up to 30 mm, these make a 30% probability of AIS
  (abbreviated injury scale) damage grade level 3 for concise chest. Therefore, the chest injurie has the most
  possibility in the collision condition.

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  Automotive Energy Efficiency & Environment Protection

  Electrical properties matching simulation for an electric vehicle based on the LabVIEW

  CHEN Tao, HUANG Chenchen, LI Yongli, CHEN Dong, ZENG Qiong

  2015, 6(04):  384-391.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.012

  Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (2092KB) ( 1266 )  

  A simulation analyzation was made for electric vehicle (EV) electrical performances to match and
  adjust the electric parameters in the early stage of EV design. An EV electric model of electric vehicle was
  built by using virtual workbench LabVIEW without bench verification test. The basic electrical parameters were
  selected about the power battery, the electric motor, and the other electrical components according to the initial
  design requirements. Parts of the electrical model were established in StarSim, based on these parameters.
  The LabVIEW Sub VI and proportional integration (PI) control was combined to simulate the actual operating
  environments, the transient impact, the steady state driving, and the limiting conditions driving. The results show
  that the electrical model is reliable and can be used to analyze and verify electric vehicle electric properties, and
  to ensure electric vehicle electrical safety.

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  Numerical investigation of flow field for transonic centrifugal compressor with blade leading edge forward sweep

  LIU Yanming, CUI Qing, ZHENG Xinqian, GUO Longkai

  2015, 6(04):  392-398.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.013

  Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (2441KB) ( 950 )  

  Three turbo-charged transonic centrifugal compressors were designed with different forward-swept
  angles (10°, 15°, 20°) of blade leading edge by means of the commercial software Concepts NREC. Numerical
  simulation and comparative analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of blade leading edge forward
  sweep on the flow field characteristics in the compressors. The results show that the compressors with forwardswept
  main blade possess certain advantages in flow capacity and stall margin over unswept compressor, the
  scheme of 15° has the largest flow capacity, and the scheme of 20° has the biggest stall margin. As forwardswept
  angle increases from 0°to 20°, the passage shock strength decreases 7.2% under the choke condition,
  while decreases 3.4% under the peak efficiency condition; the range and strength of low-energy flow mass in
  impeller channel are improved in some degree. The scheme of 10° is the optimal scheme among the 3 different
  forward-swept blades with the compressor efficiency increasing by 0.72% and pressure ratio increasing by 0.62%.

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  Combustion and emission performances of diesel engine burning coal based Fischer-Tropsch alcohol mixed fuel

  WU Zhifei, WANG Tie, ZUO Peng, YANG Tiantian, CAO Yisen, WANG Wenkun

  2015, 6(04):  399-404.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.04.014

  Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (1916KB) ( 1129 )  

  An idea was proposed to use Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel blended together with alcohol fuel
  coal based fuel, which have high cetane value and oxygen. The combustion and emission characteristic effect
  was investigated for the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel adding 10% volume of methanol, ethanol and butanol
  fuel on comparing with 0# diesel fuel. The results show that compared to the 0# diesel fuel, the ignition time
  is advanced and the combustion heat release center CA50, means the crankshaft angle corresponding to
  50% of the total heat release, is postponed. The first peak combustion heat release rate decreases. Premixed
  combustion heat reduces. The other peak value increases and the diffusion combustion in proportion increases.
  Coal based Fischer-Tropsch alcohol mixed fuel can reduce NOx, carbon smoke and formaldehyde emissions
  and the same volume of methanol fuel has better effect on diesel engine emissions optimization, under external
  characteristic.

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