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• 2015, Vol. 6 No. 01
  Published on:25 March 2015 Previous issue    Next issue
  Progress & Prospects

  Petroleum-Based Fuels for Transport

  Gautam KALGHATGI

  2015, 6(01):  1-16.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.001

  Abstract ( 603 )   PDF (1807KB) ( 2290 )  

  This paper is a review of global issues influencing future transport fuels. Transport energy comes
  primarily from petroleum-based liquid fuels and will continue to do so. The demand will grow, mainly in
  developing countries and will be heavily skewed towards diesel and jet fuel rather than gasoline. There will be
  sufficient oil supply to meet this growing demand over the next few decades. Future fuel properties will also be
  affected by engine development trends which need to meet increasingly stringent requirements on efficiency,
  emissions, cost, and customer expectations. The optimum fuel for future spark ignition engines is gasoline with
  high RON (Research Octane Numbers) and/or low MON (Motor Octane Numbers) and for compression ignition
  engines, low octane or low cetane fuel. These changes will require big investments by the refining industry and
  will increase the availability of low octane components. Therefore, it is important for auto and oil companies and
  other stakeholders to work together to develop highly efficient engine/fuel systems which can use low octane
  fuels.

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  Research progress of pre-ignition and super-knock in boost gasoline engine

  WANG Zhi, LONG Yan, WANG Jianxin

  2015, 6(01):  17-29.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.002

  Abstract ( 550 )   PDF (2762KB) ( 2747 )  

  Boost and direct injection are effective measurements for energy saving in gasoline engines, while
  super-knock has become the main obstacle for further improving power density. Pre-ignition and superknock
  are two different combustion phenomena. Super-knock is a kind of severe engine knock in high power
  density internal combustion engine, which generally occurs at low-speed, high-load operating conditions
  with stochastic, sporadic and destructive. Pre-ignition is a abnormal combustion phenomenon in spark
  ignition engine that ignition occurs before the spark timing. Pre-ignition itself does not always lead to superknock,
  however, pre-ignition accures before super-knock. To eliminate pre-ignition is an effective approach
  to suppress super-knock. The origins of pre-ignition include oil droplet and particle. The composition and
  physicochemical properties of fuel and oil affect seriously the frequency of super-knock.

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  Automotive Safety

  Compatibility of car-to-car frontal crash based on full width#br# deformable barrier test

  WANG Feng, ZHAO Qingjiang, YUE Zhongyao, LI Yang

  2015, 6(01):  30-36.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.003

  Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (1631KB) ( 1488 )  

  The compatibility of car-to-car frontal crash was analyzed and evaluated for two types of vehicles
  using a full width deformable barrier (FWDB) test method to reduce the high casualty rate in traffic accident.
  A finite element model of FWDB was established based on a program by European Enhanced Vehicle Safety
  Committee-Working Group 15 (EEVC-WG15). The model was validated using a sled test method by Transport
  Research Laboratory (TRL) in UK. Two parameters, the average height of force position and the equivalence
  crush-work stiffness, were introduced as the main evaluation criteria for the FWDB crash analysis with car-tocar
  100% overlap frontal crash being used to verify the simulations. The results show that the analysis results by
  the FWDB crash test are consistent with those by the car–to-car impact. Therefore, the FWDB test method can
  represent car-to-car compatibility and can provide efficient strategies for improving vehicle crash compatibility.

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  Human-machine-interface for an advisory collision warning#br# system based on visual signal

  LI Lin, ZHU Xichan, SUN Dong

  2015, 6(01):  37-42.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.004

  Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (1302KB) ( 1515 )  

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  Effects upon vehicle stability exerted by multi-clearances of steering trapezoid and kingpin under slalom maneuver

  WEI Daogao, JIANG Yibin, WANG Peng, PAN Zhijie, XIAO Huaiyang

  2015, 6(01):  43-50.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.005

  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (2059KB) ( 1325 )  

  Effects upon vehicle stability exerted by multi-clearances of
  steering trapezoid and kingpin under slalom maneuver

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  Airbag Optimization for Out-Of-Position Children Occupant#br# Protection

  FEI Jing, BAI Zhonghao, CHEN Keming

  2015, 6(01):  51-57.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.006

  Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (1369KB) ( 1370 )  

  An optimization strategy was proposed based on the airbag parameters optimization for outof-
  position (OOP) children. According to SAEJ1980-2008 regulation by Society of Automotive Engineers,
  MADYMO (mathematical dynamic Model) was used to establish a Multi-body and Finite Element (FE) model for
  two OOP children aged 3 and 6 years old. The combined injury probability (Pcomb) of occupants was considered
  as object function in reference to the US-NCAP regulation, and variables were optimized by LS-OPT (Least
  Squares + Design Optimization and Probabilistic Analysis) software. The optimization was performed using
  hybrid simulated annealing algorithm to minimize the value of Pcomb, with space-filling sampling method. The
  results show that the optimal object value meet the regulation requirement basically; protection effect of dualstage
  inflator is better than single-stage inflator significantly in 54 km/h frontal test.

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  Improvement of a monocoque-body for coach frontal impact#br# safety

  CAO Libo, ZHOU Dengke, ZHU Jie, JIANG An

  2015, 6(01):  58-65.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.007

  Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (2659KB) ( 1138 )  

  Frontal impact safety was investigated for a monocoque-body coach mass-produced in China to
  improve its structural design. Two simulation models were established for the coach and its driver restraint
  system by using a finite element method and a multi-body method to simulate a 50 km/h frontal impact
  experiment. Some structural modifications contained an energy absorbing structure designed in front, a safety
  belt and a frontal airbag which were matched for the driver restraint system. The 50 km/h frontal impact for
  the improved coach was simulated to calculate the head injury, the chest deflection and the thigh injury. The
  results show that the improved coach’s safety is improved significantly for the 50 km/h frontal impact; and the
  driver injury values are all within the arrange of IARVs (Injury Assessment Reference Value) in a frontal collision
  event to passenger car while according to a Chinese Regulation (GB11551-2003) of the occupant protection.
  Therefore, selecting 50 km/h as the coach frontal impact speed is feasible in theory.

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  Topology optimization design of integral bus chassis

  SU Ruiyi, ZHONG Wei, GUI Liangjin, FAN Zijie

  2015, 6(01):  66-71.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.008

  Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1716KB) ( 1413 )  

  A topology optimization was made for the transverse beams on floor and the reinforcement beams
  (diagonal bracings etc.) to reduce chassis mass and to improve reinforcement beams layout of an integral bus
  chassis. The zone between the front and rear axles was chosen to construct the topology design space. A
  topology optimization formulation was established with the objective being to minimize bus body mass and the
  constraint being that bus body torsional stiffness is no less than that of original design. Genetic algorithm was
  employed to solve the problem to achiev an optimal topology. An improved design was attained based on the
  topology optimization result and the assembly requirement. The number of reinforcement beams in the design
  space is reduced from 9 to 3, the bus body torsional stiffness is increased by 150 Nm/(°), and the bus body
  mass is reduced by 20.8 kg comparing with the original design. The material utilization, the ratio between the
  increments of bus body torsional stiffness to the structures mass in the design space, is increased by 1.5 times.

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  Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation based on Fusion of#br# Kinematics-Dynamics Methods

  GAO Bolin XIE Shugang GONG Jinfeng

  2015, 6(01):  72-78.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.009

  Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 1116 )  

  A novel method of vehicle sideslip angle estimation was proposed based on a fusion of kinematics
  and dynamics methods to improve the estimation accuracy. A sideslip angle fusion observer (SAFO) was
  constructed with three local filters to estimate lateral velocities sending preliminary output to a master filter. The
  master filter fuses the outputs from all local filters to calculate a global sideslip angle estimation result according
  to driving information and fusion rules. The results show that the SAFO has good estimation accuracy and
  stability in a long time running with good robust for sensor signal bias. Therefore, the vehicle test data verifies
  the SAFO performances.

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  Effect of the strengthen board on deformation behavior of#br# bodywork key parts

  WANG Zhiwen, LIU Hao

  2015, 6(01):  79-84.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.010

  Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (1492KB) ( 1450 )  

  The deformation behavior of B340/590DP and 22MnB5 strength board material was investigated
  for a mandatory safety demonstration vehicle to provide a date base for the development of strength board
  material property and hot forming technology. Numerical simulations were done by using CAE (computer
  aided engineering) strength, technology analyses and economic analyses methods taking the crash capability
  of bodywork A column and B column as necessary condition. The results show that both the passenger
  compartment changes and the A column back volume for a 22MnB5 alloy are lower than that of B340/590DP
  alloy under the same condition. The crash deformations of 22MnB5 alloy at 5 different places are all smaller
  than that of B340/590DP alloy for the B column strength board materials during crash with a little bodywork
  acceleration variation and with little higher invasion rate than that of B340/590DP alloy. Therefore, a reasonable
  control of deformation, security framework intrusion velocity, and energy-absorbing- component deformationmode,
  can effectively reduce injury risk in a collision dummy.

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  Modeling and simulation of regenerative braking system for#br# pure electric light truck

  SONG Bailing, ZHOU Xuesheng, LI Jia, WANG Xing, CHENG Chong, SUN Shilei

  2015, 6(01):  85-89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.011

  Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (1426KB) ( 1887 )  

  A dual-energy-source regenerative braking-system simulation model was established to ensure
  an electric light-truck recover braking-energy as much as possible within a best braking force distribution. A
  dual energy source regenerative braking system was simulated to design an ideal braking force distribution of
  regenerative braking control strategy. A light truck named Dongfeng EQ5030 was taken as the prototype with
  a super capacitor being introduced into a pure electric-vehicle energy-storage-system to meet the demand
  of energy and power for a pure electric vehicle light truck. An ideal braking force distribution of regenerative
  braking control strategy was designed. A simulation model of regenerative braking system was established using
  the Matlab/Sumilink software to simulate and contrast two different control strategies under typical road cycle.
  The results show that the energy recovery rate increases by 37.33% than that of the traditional parallel control
  strategy for the ideal braking force distribution of regenerative braking control strategy designed. It causes
  electric cars increase travel distance.

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  Matching between the automotive engine and transmission#br# system based on energy flow analysis

  (YANG Xiangyu WANG Gang HAN Zongqi, ZHOU Rongkuan

  2015, 6(01):  90-96.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.012

  Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (1491KB) ( 1580 )  

  A new scheme was proposed for matching between engine and transmission system with the power
  performance and fuel economy of an automobile being as matching objective, and with the engine rated power
  and other relevant parameters being as given parameters, according to the demand of the automobile power
  performance and engine performance. Total engine energy requirements and various system energy requirements
  were analyzed by using energy flow. Automobile dynamics analysis was done under working conditions based
  on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Test Procedure to calculate circle fuel consumption using
  empirical formulas with the fuel consumption being as design economy requirements, and with the performance
  curves describing engine performances. The results show that the maximum speed is 198.5 km/h, the maximum
  power factor is 0.463, the maximum gradient is 0.46, the acceleration time is 9.8 s when accelerating from 0 to 60
  km, and the fuel consumption is 9.74 L/(100 km). Therefore, the matching method is reasonable.

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  Automotive Energy Efficiency & Environment Protection

  Electrical and thermal performances of lithium-ion battery for#br# electric vehicle at high discharge rate

  ZHANG Yunyun, BAI Jie, ZHANG Guoqing

  2015, 6(01):  97-101.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.013

  Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (1212KB) ( 2885 )  

  The electrical and thermal performances of power lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles were
  experimentally investigated to guarantee the power lithium ion battery operate safely, reliably and efficiently.
  A charge and discharge tester and a temperature / humidity recorder were used to control the various rate of
  discharge at the arrange of 1C~3C (50~150 A) for a kind of 3.2 V/50 Ah lithium-ion power batteries commercial
  applied. The test results show that the operator voltage platform between battery two ends is going to lower
  with the output energy decreasing and the battery surface temperatures increasing when the discharged rate
  increases. The temperature at the lithium-ion battery surface exceeds the temperature limit for battery safely
  operating when the battery discharged rate up to 3C rate (or 150 A). Therefore, being equipped with cooling
  device is necessary for battery to ensure battery operate safely and efficiently. A group of empirical formulae
  was fitted for the battery transient heat production battery at various battery discharge rate. The formulas can be
  used to design and select auxiliary cooling devices for power lithium-ion batteries.

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