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• 2013, Vol. 4 No. 4
  Published on:25 December 2013 Previous issue    Next issue
  Progress & Prospects

  Review on the NSFC sponsor to the automotive-related projects of mechanical engineering discipline in China

  WANG Guobiao, LAI Yinan, YANG Diange, WANG Jianqiang, WEI Yintao

  2013, 4(4):  291-299.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.001

  Abstract ( 1012 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 1996 )  

  This paper statistically analyzes the academic research development of mechanical engineering
  discipline by numerically counting the application, the financial support and concluding for the automotive-related
  projects by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to transform the automotive industry in China
  from a big one to a powerful one in the world. The results show that basic theoretical researches in automotive
  engineering were strengthened, and some key techniques gained breakthrough under the support of NSFC as the
  rapid development of automotive industry in China. However, the application scale is still small with low funding
  rate for fundamental program. Influential and remarkable results are not abundant, and the original innovations
  are inadequate. Therefore, the authors suggest that people need pay more attention on mining scientific issues in
  automotive engineering, enhancing basic research, and accelerating the output and the transformation of research
  results to develop healthily and harmonically for the automotive industry in China.

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  Automotive social cost and the regulation on air pollution

  Li Chunli

  2013, 4(4):  300-314.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.002

  Abstract ( 1172 )   PDF (1857KB) ( 2650 )  

  The core concept of automotive social cost was introduced by using the theories and analytical
  tools of social cost and externality of economics with analyzing the policies for some regulation of air pollution,
  which have some negative effects of automobiles, and is represented by the treatments over PM 2.5 particles.
  Some issues related to automotive social cost were analyzed with the negative externality, and the necessity
  of environmental regulation was elaborated through the perspective of "internalizing an externality", with an
  explanation over the basic rules of air pollution caused by excessive using automobiles, putting focus on
  hazes and automotive exhausts, and taking a systematic case over Japan's process of regulating PM and NOx
  emissions. A specific discussion was focused on the experiences and the methods of Tokyo to treat particulate
  matter emissions, as a sample of a city's regulation over the exhausts of diesel fuel vehicles. Some proposals
  were made to the policy makers in China.

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  Automotive Safety

  Building a vehicle low-speed crash evaluation system suiting the road and traffic conditions and the market demands of China

  LI Xinghu, LI Chen, ZHOU Wei, WANG Jin

  2013, 4(4):  315-321.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.003

  Abstract ( 1013 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 1443 )  

  The world-wide implementation of vehicle low-speed crash test system reduces traffic accidents,
  and plays an important role in automotive marketing and auto insurance. This paper analyzes the current
  situation of the vehicle low-speed crash test regulations of the Research Council for Automobile Repairs (the
  RCAR) and the American Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (the IIHS), of China, and of the other countries.
  Since there are no sufficient accident records of the traffic conditions, vehicle models and brands etc. in China,
  it is necessary to establish a vehicle low-speed crash test evaluation system suiting China’s situation according
  to the regulations of other advanced countries. Some measures can be that: 1) recording vehicle makes and
  models, crash types, road conditions, and traffic conditions during accident compensation; 2) based on the
  records, determining key test parameters such as the crash speed, the overlap degree in a corner test, and the
  barrier height; 3) developing hardware and software facilities for the evaluation system.

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  One displacement oriented strategy and a structural#br# assessment method for IIHS new small overlap crash tests

  XIAO Feng, CHEN Xiaofeng

  2013, 4(4):  322-333.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.004

  Abstract ( 1116 )   PDF (1695KB) ( 2565 )  

  Vehicle OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) generally gain poor scores in the results of
  three batch-tests released by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) for small overlap impact. A
  mathematical model was built for the IIHS new small overlap crash test. An analysis from the mode reveals that
  there are positive correlations between the lateral residual displacements and the lateral speeds, and between
  the vertical collision loads and the vertical speeds, and then, the test phenomenon were reasonably explained. A
  lateral displacement oriented strategy was established for light-mass design. The strategy is easy to implement
  and verified by experiments. A structural assessment method was proposed for collision load combination
  conditions to estimate the structure safety performances for developing vehicles. Therefore, a "safety cage"
  is not a necessary condition to deal the IIHS new small overlap crash tests, their response difficulties are
  overestimated, and it will be not durable to distinguish passive safety design.

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  Lower extremity injuries on a Hybrid- Ⅲ 50th dummy lower#br# leg by impacted at different locations and angles

  CUI Xinkang, MA Deren, SHEN Guangyong, ZHAO Youmei, WANG Yong

  2013, 4(4):  334-338.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.005

  Abstract ( 1123 )   PDF (1560KB) ( 1715 )  

  Front impact safety is important to early develop vehicles. Pendulum impacts were performed on a
  dummy to investigate the influence factors to front-seated-dummy lower-leg injury. A Hybrid-III 50th male dummy
  was seated on a chest calibration table. The dummy lower leg or knee was impacted by a 5-kg pendulum at 2.75
  m/s. The upper-leg force F, the knee displacement D, the lower-leg-upper bending-moment MX and MY, the axial
  compression FZ, and the tibia-index (TI) during impacts were measured. The results show that the α of 76° is a
  special angle between the lower-leg center-line and horizontal ground, because the F, the D and MY have abrupt
  changes when the impact occurres at 76°. Therefore, it will be considered that lower-leg impact-position should
  be close to the knee center with the upper-leg force within an accepted range at man-machine engineering
  design stage to reduce lower-leg injury. The angle α should be avoid being at the special angle of 76°.

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  Application of robustness and light-mass in car side crash#br# performance optimization

  ZHANG Jiyou, MEN Yongxin, PENG Hong, FENG Qingfeng

  2013, 4(4):  339-347.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.006

  Abstract ( 1025 )   PDF (1782KB) ( 1606 )  

  Robustness optimization and light-mass of side crash performance were performed for an ownedbrand
  multi-purpose vehicle (MPV). The optimization method was a combination method based on discrete
  design variables and noise factors, which including the design of experiments (DOE), the approximation model,
  the Monte Carlo sampling technique, and the robust optimization based on a respond surface model, and
  considering with the process parameters of side crash performance (the thicknesses of key parts) and the
  differences of a crash load case (the position and the height of a movable barrier). A three-stage optimization
  was used to analyzing the sensitivity, the deterministic, and the 6-sigma robustness for side crash. The results
  show that the body structure mass is reduced by 4.60 kg, while the reliability of side crash performance is higher
  than 99.97%, after the optimization. Therefore, the method ensures the accuracy of the approximate model to
  meet the optimization requirements.

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  Vehicle networking concept and its automotive industry#br# applications based on ‘triple network convergence’

  XIE Boyuan, LI Keqiang, WANG Jiangqiang, ZHAO Shulian

  2013, 4(4):  348-355.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.007

  Abstract ( 1109 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 3538 )  

  Vehicle networking (VNC) is a combine of vehicle and “Telematics”. A new VNC concept based on
  triple-network convergence was put forward to answer some misunderstanding in VNC. The three networks
  include the on-board mobile internet, the inter-vehicle network, and the in-vehicle networking. The Telematics,
  the V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2I (vehicle to infrastructure), and the in-vehicle networking are fusing each other,
  and are integrating to V2X (X includes vehicles, infrastructures, pedestrians, internets or other needs). The
  definition and the connotation of VNC were proposed with the three core values including mobility, safety, and
  environment, and with three applicability key-technologies and four common key-technologies. The applications
  in automotive industry and prospects of the VNC were indicated.

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  Structural design and performance simulation of an aluminum#br# alloy front bumper system

  ZHU Chuanmin, WANG Can, CHEN Ke

  2013, 4(4):  356-360.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.008

  Abstract ( 870 )   PDF (1450KB) ( 1480 )  

  A structural design of an aluminum-alloy front-bumper system was proposed with considering good
  crashworthiness and light-mass, and its crash performances were numerically simulated. A retainer and a
  holder were added to the aluminum-alloy front-bumper system of a certain developing car to strengthen crashbox
  rear-end. A full-frontal rigid-battier impact collision was simulated based on an explicit finite element method
  by using HyperWorks and LS-DYNA soft wares with a vehicle mass of 1.55 t and an initial speed of 32.4 km/h.
  The result shows that the improved structure provides a stable reactive force with a stable peak of 130 kN and
  absorbs a total energy of 31.70 kJ in 25 ms. Its total mass is only 4.08 kg being the 2/3 of the one made from
  high-strength-steel. Therefore, the system structure meets the demands of good crashworthiness and lightmass.

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  Risk assessment guidelines of automobile steering system#br# defects and automobile recall cases

  ZHANG Weiliang, XIAO Lingyun, LIU Yahui

  2013, 4(4):  361-366.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.009

  Abstract ( 881 )   PDF (993KB) ( 2291 )  

  Automobile steering system defects affect the automobile safety, and are important causes of
  automobile-recall. Risk assessment guidelines were proposed for automobile steering system defects to improve
  the manage efficiency of automobile recall, based on risk matrix and risk level after analyzed automobile
  steering system failure forms and their influence. Automobile recall cases caused by steering system defects
  were analyzed using the risk assessment guidelines. The results show that the defect risk matrix method can
  identify steering system defects and evaluate the risk level. Therefore, the defect risk assessment guidelines can
  assess the automobile steering system defects risk and automobile recall, also can be extended to other defects
  of automobile, and enhance the process of automobile recall.

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  Automotive Energy Efficiency & Environment Protection

  Experimental studies on knocking characteristics of DI-HCCI#br# with gasoline/ethanol fuels

  DENG Jun, SHI Xian, LIU Yintong, WU Zhijun, LI Liguang

  2013, 4(4):  367-371.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.010

  Abstract ( 1012 )   PDF (1526KB) ( 1395 )  

  Knocking characteristics were investigated by using engine bench tests for a combustion of DI-HCCI
  (direct-injection homogeneous charge compression ignition) with blend fuels of ethanol and gasoline. Some
  improvements were done to a traditional two-cylinder diesel engine in fuel supply system, ignition system, and
  inlet and exhaust system. A knock model was established according to the engine bench tests and the cylinder
  pressure signals to describe ethanol and gasoline HCCI combustion. Knock intensity (KI) was drawn from the
  model and then was measured in the tests. The results show that the average KI and the knock probability
  significantly decrease with the blending ratio of ethanol and gasoline, i.e. the percentage of ethanol increases,
  while the knock starting phase retards. Knock boundaries also narrow down with high blending ratio, while the
  upper and lower boundaries move towards each other. Those results could lead to the development of better
  fuel injection strategies.

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  Improved designs and tests for an China Ⅳ diesel engine

  GUO Honghui, LU Ziping, PAN Mingjun, LIU Tao

  2013, 4(4):  372-378.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.011

  Abstract ( 819 )   PDF (1606KB) ( 1604 )  

  A two-valve CN-III diesel engine was improved by designs and tests to meet the CN (China)-IV
  emission regulation. The improved designs involved upgrading the electronic control system, redesigning the
  combustion chamber, optimizing the injector and the turbocharger, adopting the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
  and the advanced after-treatment technology. The turbocharger, the combustion chamber, the fuel supply
  advance angle, the rail pressure and EGR were optimized and calibrated. The performance tests, the emission
  tests and the noise tests were completed. The EGR system and the calibration strategy were confirmed by
  measuring and analyzing the parameters ofpower, torque, fuel consumption, smoke, emission, EGR rates,
  and the idle speed noise. The vehicle was calibrated by OBD (on-board diagnostic). The results show that the
  diesel engine meets the CN-IV emission regulation, and the idle speed noise decreased from 74 dB to 70 dB by
  improving emission and performance.

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  Experimental study of the pilot injection strategy effects on#br# diesel engine combustion and its emission

  CAO Ke, CHENG Xiaobei

  2013, 4(4):  379-384.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.04.012

  Abstract ( 859 )   PDF (1608KB) ( 1316 )  

  The effects of one-pilot injection strategy and two-pilot injection strategy on combustion and
  emission are investigated in a four-cylinder, turbocharged, high pressure common-rail diesel engine. The pilotmain
  injection intervals, the pilot injection quantities, the diesel combustion pressures, the heat release rates,
  and the emissions of NO, HC, CO, and soot were measured. The results show that both pilot-main injection
  interval and pilot injection quantity strongly affect the pilot combustion heat release and the main combustion
  heat release, and that the effect of pilot-main injection interval on main combustion ignition delay is more evident
  than the effect of pilot injection quantity. The emission of NO and soot are reduced without obvious deterioration
  in HC and CO when choosing appropriate pilot-main injection interval and pilot injection quantity under one-pilot
  injection strategy. Using two-pilot injection strategy enhances the mixing of fuel and air. The emission is more
  improved, when the two-pilot injection interval is less.

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