Pedestrian lower limb dynamic response and injury biomechanical analysis based on pedestrian-vehicle collision accident reconstruction

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on real traffic accident cases in the national vehicle accident depth investigation system, a human-vehicle collision finite element model was established and verified to investigate the lower limb kinematic response and biomechanical injury characteristics of pedestrians in human-vehicle collisions. Three postures of pedestrians standing, walking and running, were simulated with THUMS dummy, and three collision positions were selected according to the transverse structure characteristics of the front of the vehicle, and the kinematic response and biomechanical injury of pedestrian lower limbs at the collision position were analyzed. The results show that the lateral structure of the front of the vehicle has a great influence on the motion response and injury of the left and right legs of pedestrians at a collision initial velocity of 40 km/h; the high-risk areas of the pedestrian femur are the femoral head and femoral shaft, with a maximum value of 124.9 MPa, while the high-risk area of the tibia is the tibial shaft, with a maximum value of 157.2 MPa; the maximum transverse bending angle and the maximum shear displacement of the left knee joint reaches 37.1° and 12.5 mm, respectively, and its injury risk is higher than that of the right knee joint; in the headlight collision area, the pedestrian's lower limb sufferes a lower injury than that of the other collision areas.

Key words: automotive safety, human-vehicle collisions, pedestrian lower limb kinematic response, biomechanical injury, finite element, THUMS dummy

CLC Number:

U467.1+4

ZHANG Daowen, LEI Yi, REN Yao, TANG Kaiwen, DONG Xinchi, LUO Jing, HU Wenhao. Pedestrian lower limb dynamic response and injury biomechanical analysis based on pedestrian-vehicle collision accident reconstruction[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 671-680.

Figures/Tables 17

References 27

[1]	WHO World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018 [EB/OL]. (2018-05-19). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565684.
[2]	CHEN Huipeng, FU Lianxue, ZHENG Heyue. A comparative study between China and IHRA for the vehicle-pedestrian impact[J]. SAE Int’l J Passen Cars-Mech Syst, 2009, 2: 1108-1115.
[3]	Decker S, Otte D, Cruz L D, et al. Injury severity of pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists resulting from crashes with reversing cars[J]. Accid Anal Prev, 2016, 94: 46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.05.010 pmid: 27240128
[4]	Mizuno Y, Ishikawa H. Summary of IHRA pedestrian safety WG activities-Proposed test methods to evaluate pedestrian protection a forded by passenger cars[R]. SAE Tech Paper, 2001,2001-06-0136.
[5]	C-NCAP. 2021版管理规则[S]. (2022-01-18). www.c-ncap.org.cn. 2021
	C-NCAP 2021 Management Regulation[S]. (2022-01-18). www.c-ncap.org.cn. 2021. (in Chinese)
[6]	张冠军, 秦勤, 陈峥, 等. SUV前端造型对行人下肢损伤影响的定量研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2017, 39(4): 424-431.
	ZHANG Guanjun, QIN Qin, CHEN Zheng, et al. Quantitative study on the effects of the frontend styling of SUV on pedestrian lower limbs injury[J]. Autom Engineering, 2017, 39(4): 424-431. (in Chinese)
[7]	聂冰冰, 夏勇, 黄俊, 等. 针对行人髋部碰撞保护的汽车前端造型与结构概念设计研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2014, 36(3): 286-292.
	NIE Bingbing, XIA Yong, HUANG Jun, et al. A study on vehicle front-end styling and structure concept design for pedestrian upper leg impact protection[J]. Autom Engineering, 2014, 36(3): 286-292. (in Chinese)
[8]	Scattina A, Mo F, Masson C, et al. Analysis of the influence of passenger vehicles front-end design on pedestrian lower extremity injuries by means of the LLMS model[J]. Traf Inju Prev, 2018, 19(5): 535-541.
[9]	刘天泉, 王丙雨, 吴贺, 等. 保险杠刚度特性对行人头部及下肢的损伤影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(1): 17-22.
	LIU Tianquan, WANG Bingyu, WU He, et al. Effects of the bumper stiffness characteristics on the pedestrian head injuries and the lower extremities injuries[J]. J Autom Safe Energ, 2023, 14(1): 17-22. (in Chinese)
[10]	蒋阳, 黄海波. 人车碰撞中行人损伤影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(3): 95-99. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.03.017
	JIANG Yang, HUANG Haibo. A study on multiple factors affecting pedestrian injury in pedestrian-car collision accident[J]. Chin Safe Sci J, 2017, 27(3): 95-99. (in Chinese)
[11]	尹均, 张道文, 肖凌云, 等. 人车事故中不同体型行人应急姿态仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(2): 51-56. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.02.009
	YIN Jun, ZHANG Daowen, XIAO Lingyun, et al. Simulation research on emergency postures of pedestrians different in body type in pedestrian-vehicle accident[J]. Chin Safe Sci J, 2018, 28(2): 51-56. (in Chinese)
[12]	LI Guibing, YANG Jikuang, Simms C. The influence of gait stance on pedestrian lower limb injury risk[J]. Accid Anal Prev, 2015, 85: 83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.012 pmid: 26397198
[13]	王丙雨, 聂进, Dietmar OTTE, 等. 碰撞速度和行人年龄对下肢严重损伤风险的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2018, 9(1): 25-31.
	WANG Bingyu, NIE Jin, OTTE Dietmar, et al. Effects of impact speeds and pedestrian ages on lower extremity serious injury risk[J]. J Autom Safe Energ, 2018, 9(1): 25-31. (in Chinese)
[14]	Reichert R, Mohan P, Marzougui D, et al. Validation of a toyota camry finite element model for multiple impact configurations[R]. SAE Tech Paper, 2016, 2016-01-1534.
[15]	Lalwala M, Chawla A, Thomas P, et al. Finite element reconstruction of real-world pedestrian accidents using THUMS pedestrian model[J]. Int’l J Crash, 2020, 25(4): 360-375.
[16]	邹铁方, 蔡铭, 杜荣华, 等. 车人碰撞事故再现技术研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2011, 21(8): 95-100.
	ZOU Tiefang, CAI Ming, DU Ronghua, et al. Review on Vehicle-pedestrian Accident Reconstruction Techniques[J]. Chin Safe Sci J, 2011, 21(8): 95-100. (in Chinese)
[17]	Untaroiu C D, Meissner M U, Crandall J R, et al. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques[J]. Intl J Impact Engi, 2009, 36(2): 210-219.
[18]	王方, 蔡加欣, 王丙雨, 等. 基于行人碰撞事故重建的颅脑损伤准则效能研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2018, 31(4): 231-240.
	WANG Fang, CAI Jiaxin, WANG Bingyu, et al. Investigation of prediction effectiveness of brain injury criteria on injury risk through reconstruction of pedestrian impact accidents[J]. Chin J Highway Transport, 2018, 31(4): 231-240. (in Chinese)
[19]	Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Konosu A, et al. Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians[R]. SAE Tech Paper, 2000, 2000-01-SC22.
[20]	韩勇, 杨济匡, 李凡. 汽车-行人碰撞中人体下肢骨折的有限元分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2011, 41(1): 6-11.
	HAN Yong, YANG Jikuang, LI Fan, et al. Finite element analysis of lower extremity fractures in vehicle-pedestrian collision[J]. J Jilin Univ (Engi Tech Edit), 2011, 41(1): 6-11. (in Chinese)
[21]	刘志勇, 金隼, 胡敏. 基于行人保护的溃缩式前大灯设计研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2009(9): 45-47.
	LIU Zhiyong, JIN Sun, HU Min. Study of frangible headlamp base on pedestrian protection[J]. Mach Desig Manufact, 2009(9): 45-47. (in Chinese)
[22]	李海岩, 李琨, 黄永强, 等. 轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(2): 262-268.
	LI Haiyan, LI Kun, HUANG Yongqiang, et al. Analysis of lower extremity injury of six-year-old child pedestrian in different orientation collisions with car[J]. Autom Engineering, 2021, 43(2): 262-268. (in Chinese)
[23]	Mo F, Arnoux P J, Cesari D, et al. Investigation of the injury threshold of knee ligaments by the parametric study of car-pedestrian impact conditions[J]. Safe Sci, 2014, 62: 58-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.024 URL
[24]	惠有利. 行人交通事故中碰撞车速和行人身高对行人损伤风险的研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2016(5): 261-264.
	HUI Youli. Research of velocity and human height effect on the risk of pedestrian injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident[J]. Mach Desig Manufact, 2016(5): 261-264. (in Chinese)
[25]	李凡, 叶铭杰, 黄巍, 等. 行人碰撞事故中颈部肌肉主动力对头部损伤的影响[J]. 汽车工程, 2022, 44(3): 385-391+411.
	LI Fan, YE Mingjie, HUANG Wei, et al. Effects of neck muscle's active force on head injury in pedestrian collision accidents[J]. Autom Engineering, 2022, 44(3): 385-391+411. (in Chinese)
[26]	曲志冬, 肖森, 黄晶, 等. 面向年龄和车辆前部差异的行人下肢交通损伤[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(10): 1203-1212.
	QU Zhidong, XIAO Sen, HUANG Jing, et al. Injury investigation in lower limb caused by automotive shapes and pedestrian ages during traffic crashes[J]. Chin Mech Engi, 2020, 31(10): 1203-1212. (in Chinese)
[27]	马洪顺, 董世纯, 刘彦, 等. 人体脊柱椎间盘及相邻椎体扭转的实验研究与损伤机理分析[J]. 试验技术与试验机, 1991(3): 43-45+33.
	MA Hongshun, DONG Shichun, LIU Yan, et al. Experimental study and injury mechanism analysis of human spinal disc and adjacent vertebral torsion[J]. Engi Test, 1991(3): 43-45+33. (in Chinese)

	碰撞前状态	碰撞后状态	撞击位置
车辆	直行 v = 42 km/h	车头、引擎盖翘曲变形	车辆中心线偏右侧 370 mm处
行人	跑步横穿马路 v =10 km/h	左腿股骨近心端股骨头损坏	下肢左侧大腿

	碰撞前状态	碰撞后状态	撞击位置
车辆	直行 v = 42 km/h	车头、引擎盖翘曲变形	车辆中心线偏右侧 370 mm处
行人	跑步横穿马路 v =10 km/h	左腿股骨近心端股骨头损坏	下肢左侧大腿