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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 269-294.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.03.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

中国混合动力汽车动力总成技术进展

许敏(), 张亦嘉()   

  1. 上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院，上海 200240，中国
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20 修回日期:2024-06-16 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-01
  • 作者简介:许敏（1962—），男（汉），安徽，教授。E-mail：mxu@sjtu.edu.cn。
    许敏 教授 毕业于上海交通大学，获日本广岛大学博士学位，1991年加入美国卡内基梅隆大学开展博士后研究。1995—2003年，在通用、福特、伟世通等知名汽车企业担任技术专家。2003—2006年，任奇瑞公司副总经理及汽车工程研究院院长，领导团队自主开发多款发动机与汽车平台。2006年回到上海交通大学任特聘教授，历任校长助理及汽车工程研究院院长。他的主要研究方向涉及混动专用发动机、喷雾与燃烧研究、线控底盘和电动车集成技术等。主持多项国家自然科学基金项目，发表200余篇SCI期刊和会议论文。他在学术界和产业界均有卓越贡献，被授予国际汽车工程师学会(SAE)会士、中国汽车工程学会(China SAE)会士、国际燃烧学会(International Combustion Institute)会士以及国际液体雾化与喷雾系统学会(International Institute of Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems)主席等荣誉，在纪念改革开放40周年之际，获“中国汽车工业杰出人物”称号。
    Prof. XU Min XU Min graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and obtained his PhD from Hiroshima University in Japan. In 1991, he joined Carnegie Mellon University for postdoctoral research. From 1995 to 2003, he served as a technical specialist in General Motors, Ford, and Visteon. From 2003 to 2006, he was a vice president and the director of Automotive Engineering Research Institute at Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., leading a team to independently develop multiple engines and vehicle platforms. In 2006, he returned to Shanghai Jiao Tong University as a distinguished professor, and held the positions including president assistant and director of the Institute of Automotive Engineering. His main research interests include hybrid dedicated engine, spray and combustion research, X-by-wire chassis system, and electric vehicle integration technology. He has led multiple projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and has published over 200 papers in SCI journals and conferences. He has made outstanding contributions to both academia and industry. He has been awarded honors such as fellow of the Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE), fellow of the China Society of Automotive Engineers (China SAE), fellow of the International Combustion Institute, and the president of the International Institute of Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems (ILASS). On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, he was honored with the title of Outstanding Figure in China's Automotive Industry.
    张亦嘉（2000—），女（汉），上海，博士研究生。E-mail：yijiazhang@sjtu.edu.cn。

Advancements in the powertrain technology of hybrid electric vehicles in China

XU Min(), ZHANG Yijia()   

  1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2024-05-20 Revised:2024-06-16 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-01

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摘要：

在国家政策与市场需求的双重驱动下，2021年以来，中国品牌混合动力汽车动力总成技术实现突破，围绕中国市场特点与消费者用车习惯推出一批具有中国特色、世界范围内领先的混合动力汽车产品。近期混合动力汽车市场销量呈爆发式增长，2023年中国市场混合动力乘用车销售超300万辆，同比增长83%。然而，受近年来汽车领域电动化浪潮影响，行业内尚存关于混合动力汽车仅为过渡性技术的观点，部分消费者对国产混动汽车技术产品力仍存质疑。为纠正对混合动力汽车的片面性、偏见性认识，该文围绕中国混合动力汽车动力总成技术路线展开，聚焦多样化的混动架构与专用化的核心部件，提出新的混合度定义作为动力总成电气化程度的统一评价标准，探讨国内外主流混动技术异同，剖析当下中国最前沿的混动技术特点与发展趋势，厘清中国混动汽车动力总成的发展脉络。研究表明：中国式混动汽车以大容量动力电池与插电式混合动力为技术特色，实现发动机、电机两大驱动动力源以及动力电池、增程系统两大动力能量源的灵活混合与优势互补。与纯内燃机车相比，得益于电驱动技术辅助，混合动力汽车聚焦提高发动机热效率、发动机高效区利用率以及整车燃油经济性。与纯电动车相比，混合动力汽车则基于发动机的增程发电，以高性价比和高便利度解决纯电动车的补能焦虑；并通过结合发动机直驱、变速器动力放大等机械驱动技术，以更低的硬件成本实现更稳定的强劲动力输出。混合动力汽车的独特优势使其作为长期性技术路线，将成为带动汽车产业向碳中和方向转型升级的关键，该文对当下市场的深度分析和未来趋势的理性推测将为中国混动技术的进一步发展提供有益参考。

关键词: 混合动力汽车, 混动专用变速器, 混动专用发动机, 动力总成

Abstract:

Driven by both national policies and market demand, Chinese automakers have achieved breakthroughs in hybrid powertrain technology since 2021. They have launched a range of hybrid electric vehicles tailored to the market demand and consumer preference in China, embodying distinct Chinese characteristics and leading globally in the field. Recently, the sales of hybrid electric vehicles have exploded. In 2023, sales of hybrid passenger cars in the Chinese market exceeded 3 million units, marking an 83% year-on-year increase. However, influenced by the electrification megatrend, there still exists the viewpoint in the automotive industry that hybrid electric vehicles are merely transitional technology. Some consumers are also skeptical about the domestic hybrid electric vehicles. To correct these biased perceptions, this paper explores China's hybrid vehicle powertrain technology routes, focuses on diversified hybrid architectures and dedicated core components, and introduces a novel definition for the degree of hybridization, serving as a generalized index for evaluating the level of electrification in powertrains. It compares the mainstream hybrid technologies both domestically and internationally, analyzes cutting-edge features and development trends. The research highlights that Chinese hybrid electric vehicles feature large-capacity power batteries and plug-in hybrid technology, allowing for flexible integration and agile synergies between power sources (engine and motor) and energy sources (power battery and range-extending system). Compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrids enable focusing on improvement in engine thermal efficiency, engine operating efficiency, and overall fuel economy through electric drive integration. In contrast to battery electric vehicles, hybrids mitigate range anxiety cost-effectively by using the engine-generated electricity. They also achieve endurant and strong power output at lower hardware costs by leveraging mechanical drivetrain technologies such as engine driving and transmission torque amplification. These distinctive advantages position hybrid electric vehicles as pivotal in steering the automotive industry towards a carbon-neutral direction in the long term. The sharpened insight into today’s market and clarified vision of the future presented in the article could be beneficial to the further advancement of hybrid powertrain technology in China.

Key words: hybrid electric vehicle, dedicated hybrid transmission, dedicated hybrid engine, automotive powertrain

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