混合动力发动机与动力电池冷却余热双向循环预热

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高并联式混合动力汽车发动机和动力电池低温生存能力,探索发动机与电池冷却余热资源的利用新途径,提出了一种基于余热再利用的发动机和动力电池双向循环低温预热的新方法。建立发动机和动力电池余热数值模型,定量分析和研究余热系统的温升特点与温度分布状况,揭示了发动机与动力电池余热的传热规律,设计了基于相变材料的自动双向热控装置并进行了低温试验。结果表明：该方法实现了发动机与动力电池吸热冷却和发热加热的一体化应用,可将发动机冷却余热经热换器预热动力电池并使电池内部温度保持在29 ℃,又将动力电池冷却余热反向循环传输至发动机机体,使发动机内部冷却液温度预热至51 ℃,能够明显提高发动机和动力电池低温运行能力,节约了能量,验证了所提方法的优越性。

关键词: 混合动力汽车, 发动机, 动力电池, 余热, 循环预热

Abstract:

A new way to utilize the waste heat resources of engine-battery cooling was explored and a two-way cycle preheating method of waste heat reuse was conceived to improve the low-temperature survivability of engine and power battery of parallel hybrid electric vehicle and to put forward a new method of low-temperature preheating of engine and power battery. The numerical model of engine and power battery waste heat was established, the rising characteristics and distribution of the temperature in the waste heat system were quantitatively analyzed and studied, revealing the heat transfer law of engine-power battery waste heat. An automatic bidirectional thermal control device based on phase change material was designed and the low temperature test was carried out. The results show that the proposed method realizes the integrated application of engine-power battery endothermic cooling and heating, the power battery can be preheated through the heat exchanger, keeping the internal temperature of the battery at 29 ℃, and can transfer the cooling waste heat of the power battery to the engine block in reverse circulation, so as to preheat the internal coolant temperature of the engine to 51 ℃. It can significantly improve the low temperature operation ability of the engine and the power battery with saving energy, verifying the advantages of the proposed method.

Key words: hybrid electric vehicle, engine, power battery, waste heat, preheat

中图分类号:

丁鹏, 邹晔, 张美娟, 蒋豪, 张鹏博. 混合动力发动机与动力电池冷却余热双向循环预热[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(1): 125-132.

DING Peng, ZHOU Ye, ZHANG Meijuan, JIANG Hao, ZHNAG Pengbo. Bi-directional circulating preheating method based on waste heat reuse of engine and battery for hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(1): 125-132.

图/表 9

图1 电池水冷模型及实物图

图2 双向换热系统结构示意图

图3 热换器微观模型

图4 热换器温度分布规律

项目	规格	项目	规格
发动机排量	1.4 L	电池容量	32 Ah
发动机最大功率	110 kW	电池电压	288 V
发动机冷却液流率	80 L / min	电池冷却液流速	12 L / min
换热器材料密度	910 kg / m³	换热器导热系数	0.29 W / m.K

表1 发动机动力电池试验参数表

图5 2种预热情况下发动机温升情况

图6 发动机冷起动燃油消耗率

图7 电池温度上升曲线

图8 电池加热耗能对比图

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