基于ISSA的燃料电池多电源模糊能量管理策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.04.012

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 496-504.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.04.012

基于ISSA的燃料电池多电源模糊能量管理策略

罗闯(), 许亮^*()

天津市新能源电力变换传输与智能控制重点实验室，天津理工大学电气工程与自动化学院，天津 300384, 中国

收稿日期:2022-12-07 修回日期:2023-04-25 出版日期:2023-08-31 发布日期:2023-08-31
通讯作者: *许亮，教授。E-mail：lxu@email.tjut.edu.cn。
作者简介:罗闯（1999—），男（汉），湖北，硕士研究生。E-mail：luo1234321@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61975151);国家自然科学基金(61308120);天津市科技重大专项与工程，互联网+新能源跨界融合创新示范工程项目(ZXHLGX00040)

Fuzzy energy management strategies based on the ISSA for multiple power sources in fuel cells

LUO Chuang(), XU Liang^*()

Tianjin Key Laboratory of New Energy Power Conversion, Transmission and Intelligent Control, and School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384 Tianjin, China

Received:2022-12-07 Revised:2023-04-25 Online:2023-08-31 Published:2023-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高燃料电池(FC)混合动力汽车(HEV)的经济性，提出一种利用模糊逻辑控制（FLC）的方法对其实现能量管理策略(EMS)。以氢耗量最优为目标，加入超级电容器作为辅助能源，考虑汽车驱动与制动2种状态，把需求功率、超级电容荷电状态、燃料电池的工作效率，添加为模糊控制器输入变量，对模糊规则进行改进。引入改进的麻雀搜索算法（ISSA）对模糊控制器的隶属度函数进行优化，采用Circle映射初始化麻雀种群，同时引入随机游走策略对全局最优解扰动。采用Advisor软件和Matlab/Simulink环境建模并进行联合仿真。结果表明：本文能量管理策略，在城市道路循环工况（UDDS）和高速公路燃油经济性测试工况（HWFET）下，等效氢耗量分别减低了29.38%和29.88%，同时，也减少了燃料电池在运行时的变载次数，使得燃料电池寿命得到延长。

关键词: 混合动力汽车（HEV）, 燃料电池（FC）, 能量管理策略（EMS）, 模糊逻辑控制（FLC）, 改进的麻雀搜索算法（ISSA）

Abstract:

A Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) method was proposed for Energy Management Strategies (EMS) to enhance the fuel efficiency of the Fuel Cell (FC) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). With a supercapacitor as an auxiliary energy source to optimize the hydrogen consumption, the power required under working conditions, the State of Charge (SOC) of the supercapacitors, and the fuel cell’s working efficiency were incorporated as input variables into the fuzzy controller to improve the fuzzy rules, considering the two states of automobile drive and braking. The Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) was employed to optimize the membership functions of the fuzzy controller. The circle mapping technique was utilized for initializing the sparrow population, with a random walk strategy to perturb the global optimal solution. Advisor software and the Matlab/Simulink environment were employed for modeling and conducting joint simulations. The results show that the energy management strategy reduces 29.38% and 29.88% of equivalent hydrogen consumption, specifically under the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the HighWay Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) operational scenarios, with decreasing the occurrence of load changes during the fuel cell’s operation, and consequently enhancing its longevity.

Key words: hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), fuel cell (FC), energy management strategies (EMS), fuzzy logic control (FLC), improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA)

中图分类号:

U461.8

罗闯, 许亮. 基于ISSA的燃料电池多电源模糊能量管理策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(4): 496-504.

LUO Chuang, XU Liang. Fuzzy energy management strategies based on the ISSA for multiple power sources in fuel cells[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(4): 496-504.

图/表 15

图1 复合电源系统的选型与构建

图2 模糊控制结构框图

图3 燃料电池功率-效率图

图4 优化前、后的燃料电池效率

图5 各变量隶属度函数图

P_out	SOC_cap	P_req
P_out	SOC_cap	NB	NS	Z	PS	PB
η = NB	NB	NB	NB	NM	NM	NM
	NS	NB	NB	NM	NM	NS
	Z	NB	NB	NM	NM	NS
	PS	NB	NB	NM	NM	NS
	PB	NB	NM	NM	NM	NS
η = Z	NB	NS	NS	Z	Z	PS
	NS	NS	Z	Z	Z	PS
	Z	NS	Z	Z	PS	PS
	PS	NS	Z	Z	PS	PS
	PB	NS	Z	Z	PS	PS
η = PB	NB	PS	PM	PM	PB	PB
	NS	PS	PM	PM	PB	PB
	Z	PS	PM	PM	PB	PB
	PS	PM	PM	PM	PB	PB
	PB	PM	PM	PM	PB	PB

表1 模糊逻辑控制规则表

图6 超级电容SOC隶属度函数待优化变量

图7 ISSA优化模糊逻辑流程框图

车辆	整备质量	900 kg
	迎风面积	2.88 m2
	滚动半径	252 mm
燃料电池堆	单体电压	0.6~0.7 V
	单体功率	0.31 kW
	数量	220个
超级电容	单体电压	2.7 V
	单体容量	9.5 kF
	数量	22个

表2 燃料电池汽车基本参数

图8 2种工况条件下车速跟随曲线

图9 UDDS工况下2种优化模糊控制策略的功率曲线

图10 HWFET工况下2种优化模糊控制策略的功率曲线

图11 2种工况下2种策略超级电容SOC变化

图12 2种工况、2种策略的氢耗量累积曲线

工况	里程 / km	m(H₂) / g		优化量/％
工况	里程 / km	SSA-Fuzzy	ISSA-Fuzzy	优化量/％
UDDS	12.07	61.51	43.44	29.38
HWFET	16.45	55.62	39.10	29.88

表3 2种工况2 种策略下氢耗量对比

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基于ISSA的燃料电池多电源模糊能量管理策略

Fuzzy energy management strategies based on the ISSA for multiple power sources in fuel cells

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