基于储能箱的电动汽车集成式热管理系统设计及性能分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足高低温环境下车辆乘员舱与电池的温控需求，并降低热管理系统的能耗，该文设计了一种基于储能箱的集成式热管理系统。利用储能箱将各回路高度集成，探究在不同工况下储能箱对热管理系统性能的影响。结果表明：储能箱可以通过储存能量降低系统能耗，在-20 ℃与40 ℃，储能箱初始温度分别为17.6 ℃与22.2 ℃时，系统能耗分别节省约34.44%与28.27%；与分布式热管理系统相比，集成式热管理系统在冬季时百千米电耗降低约3.56%，能效比（COP）提升约18.55%，同时在阶跃工况下能够有效抑制温度波动。因此，储能箱集成设计是改善车辆热管理系统节能性、提高温度稳定性的重要手段。

关键词: 电动汽车, 储能箱, 集成式热管理

Abstract:

An integrated thermal management system based on an energy storage tank incorporating highly integrated circuit was developed to meet the temperature control needs of the passenger compartment and the battery in high and low temperature environments and to reduce the energy consumption of the thermal management system. The influence of the energy storage tank on the thermal management system's performance was investigated across various operating conditions. The results show that the energy storage tank can reduce system energy consumption by storing energy. At -20 °C and 40 °C, and the initial temperature of the energy storage tank is set to 17.6 °C and 22.2 °C, respectively, the system's energy consumption is reduced by approximately 34.44% and 28.27%; Compared to a distributed thermal management system, the integrated system reduces hundred kilometer power consumption by 3.56% during winter, improves the coefficient of performance (COP) by 18.55%, and effectively mitigates temperature fluctuations under step conditions. Consequently, the integrated design of energy storage tank is an important means of improving the energy efficiency and temperature stability of vehicle thermal management systems.

Key words: electric vehicle, energy storage tank, integrated thermal management

中图分类号:

U469.72

吴祥成, 郭俊轩, 陈华宇, 苏良彬, 卢金. 基于储能箱的电动汽车集成式热管理系统设计及性能分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(2): 244-252.

WU Xiangcheng, GUO Junxuan, CHEN Huayu, SU Liangbin, LU Jin. Design and performance study of integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles based on energy storage box[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 244-252.

图/表 15

图1 基于储能箱的集成热管理系统架构

图2 热管理系统模式切换逻辑框图

图3 储能箱温度PID控制框图

工况	K_p	K_i	K_d
夏季	180~220	0.9~1.1	12~18
冬季	72~88	4.5~5.5	8~12

表1 PID控制参数范围

整车	质量/ kg	1 260
	迎风面积/ m²	2.4
	滚动阻力系数	0.01
	空气阻力系数	0.3
驱动电机	峰值功率/ kW	82.8
	峰值扭矩/ N·m	250
	峰值转速/ (r·min^-1)	6 000
动力电池	类型	磷酸铁锂电池
	串并联	96/1
	容量/ Ah	50
	电压/ V	350
储能箱	保温材料	保温泡棉
	冷却液	乙二醇
	传热系数/ (W·m^-2·K^-1)	0.6

表2 热管理系统部件相关参数

图4 不同目标温度(θtarg)下储能箱温度变化

图5 储能箱容积变化对压缩机转速影响

图6 储能箱数值模拟和试验结果对比

图7 不同温度下乘员舱温度变化及能耗

θ_amb / ℃	θ_init / ℃	t_targ / s	E_cons / (kWh)
40	22.2	169	0.307
40	34.1	244	0.342
40	40.0	297	0.428
-20	17.6	292	0.651
-20	-0.8	479	0.781
-20	-20.0	627	0.993

表3 制冷/制热效果对比

图8 阶跃工况

图 9 不同架构下乘员舱温度对比

图10 不同架构下电池温度对比

图11 不同架构下电池SOC对比

图12 不同架构下制热能耗

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