基于膜式空气弹簧性能退化机理的有效面积预测方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.002

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 679-687.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.002

基于膜式空气弹簧性能退化机理的有效面积预测方法

邬明宇¹^,²(), 王亚飞¹^,², 陈俊杰³, 钟弘³, 李耀超⁴, 危银涛⁵, 刘向⁶, 张翼飞⁷^,^*()

1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200240，中国
2.上海交通大学四川研究院，成都 610218，中国
3.江西理工大学机电工程学院，赣州 341000，中国
4.比亚迪汽车工业有限公司，深圳 518118，中国
5.清华大学车辆与运载学院，北京 100084，中国
6.上海淅减汽车悬架有限公司，上海 201111，中国
7.陕西省高速公路施工机械重点实验室，西安 710064，中国

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-05-13 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-10
通讯作者: *张翼飞，高级工程师。E-mail：zyf@chd.edu.cn。
作者简介:邬明宇（1996—），男（汉），上海，助理研究员。E-mail：wmy_marvin@sjtu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室开放基金课题(KFY2408);四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC1320);陕西省高速公路施工机械重点实验室（长安大学）开放基金资助(300102255512)

Effective area estimation method based on performance degradation mechanism of rolling-lobe air springs

WU Mingyu¹^,²(), WANG Yafei¹^,², CHEN Junjie³, ZHONG Hong³, LI Yaochao⁴, WEI Yintao⁵, LIU Xiang⁶, ZHANG Yifei⁷^,^*()

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 00240, China
2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
4. BYD Auto Industry Company Limited, Shenzhen 518118, China
5. School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
6. Shanghai Cijian Automobile Suspension Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201111, China
7. Key Laboratory of Expressway Construction Machinery of Shaanxi Province, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710064, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-05-13 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 构建了一种膜式空气弹簧的有效面积预测模型，以便研究膜式空气弹簧的退化机理，预测在全生命周期内膜式空气弹簧的动态响应。引入了帘线和橡胶材料疲劳特性的演化机制，建立了空气弹簧有效面积随疲劳加载周期与受力形变的激励振幅的多物理耦合映射关系；在不同疲劳周期和形变的激励振幅下，进行了动态试验验证。结果表明：在不同退化阶段下，本模型的有效面积计算误差在1%以内；空气弹簧有效面积与疲劳加载次数、形变的激励振幅均呈正相关关系，而与帘线和橡胶材料的弹性模量呈负相关关系；在50 ℃时有效面积的增长趋势加快，呈现非线性特征。

关键词: 汽车工程, 车辆悬架系统, 膜式空气弹簧, 性能退化, 有效面积, 橡胶气囊

Abstract:

An effective area prediction model was built based on composite material theory and fatigue degradation mechanisms to predict the dynamic response behaviors of rolling-lobe air springs over their full lifecycle. The evolving fatigue characteristics of cords and rubber materials were introduced to establish a multi-physical coupling relationship, in which the effective area was modeled as a function of the fatigue cycles and the deformation excitation amplitude under force. Dynamic validation tests were carried out under different fatigue cycles and deformation excitation amplitudes. The results show that the model prediction error is within 1% at different degradation stages. The effective-area increases with both the fatigue cycles and the deformation excitation amplitude; but decreases with the elastic modulus of the cords and the rubber materials. The effective-area growth trend at 50 °C accelerates and exhibits nonlinear characteristics.

Key words: automotive engineering, vehicle suspension systems, rolling-lobe air-spring, performance degradation, effective area, rubber diaphragm

中图分类号:

U463.1

邬明宇, 王亚飞, 陈俊杰, 钟弘, 李耀超, 危银涛, 刘向, 张翼飞. 基于膜式空气弹簧性能退化机理的有效面积预测方法[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(5): 679-687.

WU Mingyu, WANG Yafei, CHEN Junjie, ZHONG Hong, LI Yaochao, WEI Yintao, LIU Xiang, ZHANG Yifei. Effective area estimation method based on performance degradation mechanism of rolling-lobe air springs[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(5): 679-687.

图/表 13

图1 膜式空气弹簧纵向截面示意图

图2 空气弹簧横切面及单元体受力示意图

图3 气囊微元体受力分析

图4 微元体随体坐标系及主方向定义

图5 气囊4层反对称铺设示意图

图6 空气弹簧性能退化试验流程

帘线弹性模量	2.7 GPa
橡胶弹性模量	5.0 MPa
帘线体积份数	33.3%
橡胶体积份数	66.7%
气囊剪切模量	2.0 MPa
帘线层囊皮厚度	1.5 mm
气囊21方向Poisson比	0.33
初始相对压强	0.93 MPa
帘线倾角	56°
有效面积形状参数	0.9
空气弹簧外半径	63.0 mm
空气弹簧特征半径	62.1 mm
初始高度	250 mm
破坏循环次数	850万次

表1 空气弹簧有效面积预测方法参数

图7 橡胶气囊特征参数随帘线倾角变化

图8 空气弹簧性能退化后有效面积变化

图9 有效面积随激励振幅和疲劳次数的关系

图10 帘线、橡胶的弹性模量对空气弹簧有效面积的影响

图11 激活能对空气弹簧有效面积变化影响

图12 极端工况对空气弹簧有效面积变化影响

参考文献 22

[1]	殷吕, 夏静云, 徐永高, 等. 空气弹簧结构优化及仿真验证思路[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2024, 62(7): 87-89.
	YIN Lv, XIA Jingyun, XU Yonggao, et al. Structural optimization and simulation verification approach of air spring[J]. Agri Equip Vehi Eng, 2024, 62(7): 87-89. (in Chinese)
[2]	黎朋. 长寿命空气弹簧结构优化设计及材料制备[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2024.
	LI Peng. Structural optimization design and material preparation of long-life air spring[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2024. (in Chinese)
[3]	Mendia-Garcia I, Gil-Negrete N, Nieto F J, et al. Analysis of the axial and transversal stiffness of an air spring suspension of a railway vehicle: mathematical modelling and experiments[J]. Int’l J Rail Transp, 2024, 12(1): 56-75.
[4]	尹航, 邬明宇, 李雪冰, 等. 一种车用膜式空气弹簧有效面积的预测方法[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(12): 4371-4378.
	YIN Hang, WU Mingyu, LI Xuebing, et al. A predictive method for effective area of automotive membrane-type air spring[J]. Acta Mat Compo Sinica, 2021, 38(12): 4371-4378. (in Chinese)
[5]	LI Xuebing, HE Yuan, LIU Wei, et al. Research on the vertical stiffness of a rolling lobe air spring[J]. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part F: J Rail Rapid Transit, 2016, 230(4): 1172-1183. doi: 10.1177/0954409715585370 URL
[6]	LI Xuebing, LI Tian. Research on vertical stiffness of belted air springs[J]. Vehi Syst Dyn, 2013, 51(11): 1655-1673.
[7]	彭立群, 林达文, 黄涛, 等. 轨道车辆空气弹簧刚度试验统型设计与研究[J]. 特种橡胶制品, 2024, 45(5): 58-64.
	PENG Liqun, LIN Dawen, HUANG Tao, et al. Unified design and research on stiffness test of air springs for rail vehicles[J]. Special Purpose Rubber Products, 2024, 45(05): 58-64. (in Chinese)
[8]	CHEN Junjie, HUANG Ziqi, LIU Hongjiang, et al. A unified stiffness model of rolling lobe air spring with nonlinear structural parameters and air pressure dependence of rubber bellows[J]. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automo Engineering, 2025, 239(2-3): 407-431.
[9]	De M F, Pereira A, Morais A. The simulation of an automotive air spring suspension using a pseudo-dynamic procedure[J]. Appl Sci, 2018, 8(7): Paper No 1049.
[10]	高红星, 池茂儒, 朱旻昊, 等. 空气弹簧模型研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(4): 108-115. doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.04.108
	GAO Hongxing, CHI Maoru, ZHU Minhao, et al. Research on air spring modeling[J]. J Mech Eng, 2015, 51(4): 108-115. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.04.108
[11]	池茂儒, 高红星, 张卫华, 等. 空气弹簧频变特性研究[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2016, 51(2): 236-243.
	CHI Maoru, GAO Hongxing, ZHANG Weihua, et al. Research on frequency-dependent characteristics of air springs[J]. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ, 2016, 51(2): 236-243. (in Chinese)
[12]	Torggler J, Faethe T, Müller H, et al. Fatigue assessment of cord rubber composite air spring bellows based on specimen testing and numerical analysis[J]. J Appl Polymer Sci, 2024, 141(37): Paper No e55949.
[13]	CHENG Yuqiang, SHUAI Changgeng, GAO Hua. Research on the mechanical model of cord-reinforced air spring with winding formation[J]. Sci Eng Composite Mat, 2021, 28(1): 628-637.
[14]	XU Liufeng. Theoretical modeling of the vertical stiffness of a rolling lobe air spring[J]. Sci Progress, 2020, 103(3): 1-12.
[15]	CHEN Gengbiao, LIU Zhiwen, ZHANG Tuo, et al. Modeling and control of air spring vibration absorbers with switchable natural frequencies using multiple auxiliary chambers[J]. J Sound Vibr, 2025, 609: Paper No 119115.
[16]	李婉婷. 解耦式空气弹簧充放气动态特性研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆理工大学, 2024.
	LI Wanting. Study on dynamic characteristics of decoupled air spring under inflation and deflation[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University of Technology, 2024. (in Chinese)
[17]	唐传茵, 张义民, 李允公, 等. 单气室变截面空气弹簧刚度特性及影响因素分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2014, 50(24): 137-144. doi: 10.3901/JME.2014.24.137
	TANG Chuanyin, ZHANG Yimin, LI Yungong, et al. Stiffness characteristics and influencing factors analysis of single-chamber variable-section air spring[J]. J Mech Eng, 2014, 50(24): 137-144. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2014.24.137
[18]	陈俊杰, 张盛蓬, 张磊, 等. 极限工况下膜式空气弹簧安全保护设计及力学特性研究[J]. 机械强度, 2023, 45(5): 1072-1080.
	CHEN Junjie, ZHANG Shengpeng, ZHANG Lei, et al. Safety protection design and mechanical properties of membrane-type air springs under extreme conditions[J]. Mech Strength, 2023, 45(5): 1072-1080. (in Chinese)
[19]	马科. 基于操纵稳定性的电动汽车空气悬架结构设计与优化[D]. 成都: 西华大学, 2023.
	MA Ke. Structural design and optimization of electric vehicle air suspension based on handling stability[D]. Chengdu: Xihua University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[20]	顾太平, 何琳, 赵应龙. 囊式空气弹簧平衡性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2011, 47(3): 69-72.
	GU Taiping, HE Lin, ZHAO Yinglong. Balance analysis of bladder-type air springs[J]. J Mech Eng, 2011, 47(3): 69-72. (in Chinese)
[21]	张腾. 自适应载荷的准零刚度汽车悬架控制方法设计与分析[D]. 广州: 广州大学, 2024.
	ZHANG Teng. Design and analysis of quasi-zero stiffness suspension control method for adaptive load vehicles[D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University, 2024. (in Chinese)
[22]	李雪冰. 空气弹簧刚度的精确仿真与解析计算研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2020.
	LI Xuebing. Accurate simulation and analytical calculation of air spring stiffness[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2020. (in Chinese)

基于膜式空气弹簧性能退化机理的有效面积预测方法

Effective area estimation method based on performance degradation mechanism of rolling-lobe air springs

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 22

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

期刊信息

在线期刊

作者中心

审稿中心

联系我们

[1]	董团结, 杨亚联, 尚明. 高温高负荷下Miller发动机扭矩提升的控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(1): 92-98.
[2]	史培龙, 高艺鹏, 张子豪, 赵轩, 余强. 重型载货汽车长下坡制动工况辨识[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 299-309.
[3]	刘刊, 齐海波, 牛阿慧, 闫炳强, 秦军超. C1电动教练车动力系统设计与控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 290-298.
[4]	徐杰, 裴晓飞, 杨波, 方志刚. 融合车辆轨迹预测的学习型自动驾驶决策[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(2): 317-324.
[5]	黄志超, 赵乙光, 胡义华, 柳明. 某驱动桥主减速器的振动特性分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 298-304.
[6]	商恩义, 李月明, 习波波, 崔新康, 张毅. C-NCAP中THOR 50 ^th假人头部气囊触底评价方法探讨[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 180-185.
[7]	何仁, 刘书. 汽车车载油气回收技术的研究与发展 [J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(2): 161-173.
[8]	何仁，冯海鹏. 自动紧急制动（AEB）技术的研究与进展[J]. JASE, 2019, 10(1): 1-15.
[9]	刘瑞，朱西产. 驾驶员加速度分布特性及其应用[J]. JASE, 2019, 10(1): 37-45.
[10]	高凯，余家旺，张金城. 低附着工况自动驾驶汽车纵横向耦合控制[J]. JASE, 2019, 10(1): 67-73.
[11]	赵树恩，张瑞栋. 新型变刚度主动横向稳定杆及防侧倾控制[J]. JASE, 2018, 9(01): 57-64.
[12]	张甫仁, 张金龙, 屈贤, 乐欢. 侧风中前窗角度对汽车稳定性影响的数值模拟[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2015, 6(02): 145-149.
[13]	肖海涛，董江涛，王月，光玲玲，孙立志，周大永，刘卫国. 某车型侧面柱碰车身结构耐撞性优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2015, 6(02): 156-163.
[14]	刘珍海, 刘松梅, 乔磊磊, 李宁, 岳国辉, 陈现岭. Euro-NCAP 大腿伤害评价及性能提升[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2015, 6(02): 164-170.
[15]	朱西产，高学敏，许宇能，李霖. 基于角点检测估算车辆间即碰时间[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2014, 5(04): 331-335.