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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 657-678.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

全固态电池安全性研究进展与展望

郭春丽1(), 唐圣凯1, 崔煜1, 毛玉琼2   

  1. 1.太原理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，山西030024，中国
    2.清华大学，智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室，北京100084，中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 修回日期:2025-10-08 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 作者简介:郭春丽（1975—），女（汉），山西，教授。E-mail：guochunli@tyut.edu.cn。
    郭春丽 教授
    太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院教授，省级国防先进技术创新中心负责人和省级国防科技创新团队带头人。长期致力于新型电化学储能材料与器件的研究与开发，研究方向包括高性能超级电容器、锂离子电池、钠离子电池及全固态电池，重点围绕关键材料设计、界面调控及器件构建等方面，旨在提升储能系统的能量密度、安全性与循环稳定性。在全固态电池（ASSBs）领域，聚焦于固态电解质材料的合成与性能优化、锂碳复合电极的构建及界面调控等核心科学问题，提出并开展了多项具有创新性的研究工作，相关成果已发表在Advanced Functional Materials, Journal of Energy Chemistry等国内外高水平期刊上。近年来，主持和参与完成了多项国家及省级重点研发项目，积极推动科研成果向工程应用转化。以第1或通讯作者发表学术论文百余篇，授权国家发明专利十余项，部分技术成果已在能源、国防等重点领域实现初步应用。此外，曾获省级科技进步二等奖 2 项，省级高校优秀科研成果二等奖 1 项。
    Prof. GUO Chunli
    Professor of College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, the head of the Provincial National Defense Advanced Technology Innovation Center and leader of the provincial national defense science and technology innovation team. It has been devoted to the research and development of new electrochemical energy storage materials and devices for a long time. The research directions include high-performance supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs). Her study focuses on the design of key materials, interface regulation and device construction, aiming at improving the energy density, safety and cycle stability of energy storage systems. In the field of ASSBs, focusing on the core scientific issues such as the synthesis and performance optimization of solid electrolyte materials, the construction of lithium-carbon composite electrodes, and interface regulation. A number of innovative research work has been proposed and carried out. Relevant results have been published in high-level journals at home and abroad such as Advanced Functional Materials and Journal of Energy Chemistry. In recent years, She has presided over and participated in the completion of a number of national and provincial key R&D projects, and actively promoted the transformation of scientific research results into engineering applications. More than one hundred academic papers have been published by the first or corresponding authors, and more than ten national invention patents have been authorized. Some technical achievements have been preliminarily applied in key fields such as energy and national defense. In addition, it has won two second prizes for provincial scientific and technological progress and one second prize for excellent scientific research achievements of provincial universities.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U1910210);清华大学智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室自主研究课题(ZZ-PY-20250108)

Research progress and prospect on safety of all-solid-state batteries

GUO Chunli1(), TANG Shengkai1, CUI Yu1, MAO Yuqiong2   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi 030024, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-08-14 Revised:2025-10-08 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-10

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摘要：

全固态电池（ASSBs）具有高安全性、高能量密度等性能优势，是全球动力电池技术竞争的制高点，已被列入中美日韩等主要国家的发展战略。当前，ASSBs 技术发展已进入关键突破期，以丰田、比亚迪、宁德时代为代表的主流厂商预计将在 2027 年开展 ASSBs 的装车应用。然而，在大规模应用前，ASSBs 仍需进行全面的性能评估与失效分析，以保障其在新能能源汽车等各种使用工况下的安全可靠运行。值得注意的是，现有研究表明，ASSBs 仍存在热失控风险，并不等于绝对安全，其在复杂工况下的安全失效机理仍有待探究。有鉴于此，该文从材料、界面及电芯等方面系统梳理了 ASSBs潜在的安全问题，包括正极、负极与固态电解质等关键材料的本征热稳定性、正负极-电解质界面的高温热化学反应、锂枝晶生长及其导致的电池内短路，以及电池失效过程中的产气毒性与环境灾害。并且该文进一步从失效机理深入解析、关键材料与界面稳定性优化，以及系统层级气体管理与热防护等角度，分析并提出了 ASSBs 安全性未来的研究策略，为其安全评估和工程化应用提供系统化的理论支撑与实践指导。

关键词: 全固态电池（ASSBs）, 安全性, 热稳定性, 固态电解质, 硫化氢

Abstract:

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) possess potential performance advantages, such as high safety and high energy density, making them a strategic frontier in global power battery technology competition, which has been incorporated into the development strategies of major countries including China, the United States, Japan, South Korea, etc. Currently, the research & development of ASSBs has entered a critical breakthrough phase, with the leading enterprises such as Toyota, BYD, and CATL expecting to initiate the applications of ASSBs in electric vehicles around 2027. However, before large-scale application, comprehensive performance evaluation and failure analysis of ASSBs are still required to ensure their safe and reliable operation under complex working conditions in electric vehicles. Notably, existing research indicates that ASSBs still suffer from risks of thermal runaway and are not absolute safe, as their failure mechanisms under complex operating conditions remain inadequately understood. In light of this, this paper systematically reviews the potential safety issues of ASSBs from the perspectives of materials, interfaces, and cell design, including the intrinsic thermal stability of key materials such as cathodes, anodes, and solid state electrolytes; high-temperature thermochemical reactions at the cathode/anode-electrolyte interfaces; lithium dendrite growth and the resulting internal short circuits; and toxic gas production and environmental hazards during battery failure. Building on this analysis, the paper further outlines future research strategies for the safety of ASSBs from the perspectives of in-depth failure-mechanism analysis, optimization of key materials and interfacial stability, and system-level gas management and thermal protection, thereby offering systematic theoretical support and practical guidance for their safety assessment and engineering deployment.

Key words: all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs), safety, thermal stability, solid state electrolyte, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

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