纯电动公路客车车身骨架高刚度轻量化设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高纯电动公路客车车身骨架刚度并降低质量，对该车身骨架进行多目标结构优化设计。以某纯电动公路客车为研究对象，在HyperMesh软件中，建立客车车身骨架有限元模型；通过层次分析法，确定静态、动态等工况的权重系数；对改进后的骨架结构进行变量分组，并进行多工况多目标尺寸优化；对车身骨架进行静力学分析和模态分析。结果表明：优化后的车身骨架综合平均刚度至少提高了4%，前四阶平均动态频率提高7%，车身骨架减重1%。从而，在提升车身骨架性能的前提下，本优化设计能使车身骨架质量保持不变或达到一定的轻量化效果。

关键词: 纯电动公路客车, 车身骨架, 尺寸优化, 轻量化, 多目标优化, 多目标尺寸优化

Abstract:

A multi-objective structural design was optimized for a pure electric coach body frame to enhance the stiffness and reduce the mass. A finite element model of the body frame was established, with the specific pure electric coach as the research subject, to determine weight coefficients for static and dynamic working conditions. The modified frame structure underwent variable grouping and multi-condition multi-objective dimensional optimization. Static analysis and modal analysis were subsequently conducted. The results show that the optimized body frame achieve a minimum 4% enhancement in comprehensive average stiffness with a 7% improvement in average dynamic frequency of the first four orders, and with a 1% mass reduction. Therefore, it makes vehicle frame performance being effectively upgraded while maintaining original mass or achieving controlled lightweight effects.

Key words: pure electric highway passenger buses, body frames, size optimization, lightweight design, multi-objective optimization, multi-size optimization

中图分类号:

U463.82+2

张逍, 何锋, 刘定一, 龚成平. 纯电动公路客车车身骨架高刚度轻量化设计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(3): 434-442.

ZHANG Xiao, HE Feng, LIU Dingyi, GONG Chengping. High-rigidity lightweight design of pure electric highway bus body structure[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(3): 434-442.

图/表 12

参考文献 17

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重要性描述	取值	重要性描述	取值
a_i和b_j一样重要	1	a_i比b_j略微不重要	1/3
a_i比b_j略微重要	3	a_i比b_j不重要得多	1/5
a_i比b_j重要得多	5	a_i比b_j不重要很多	1/7
a_i比b_j重要很多	7	a_i比b_j绝对不重要	1/9
a_i比b_j绝对重要	9

重要性描述	取值	重要性描述	取值
a_i和b_j一样重要	1	a_i比b_j略微不重要	1/3
a_i比b_j略微重要	3	a_i比b_j不重要得多	1/5
a_i比b_j重要得多	5	a_i比b_j不重要很多	1/7
a_i比b_j重要很多	7	a_i比b_j绝对不重要	1/9
a_i比b_j绝对重要	9

n + m	RI	n + m	RI
1	0.00	6	1.24
2	0.00	7	1.32
3	0.58	8	1.41
4	0.90	9	1.45
5	1.12

n + m	RI	n + m	RI
1	0.00	6	1.24
2	0.00	7	1.32
3	0.58	8	1.41
4	0.90	9	1.45
5	1.12

总工况	子工况	ω_i	g_i
静态工况	弯曲柔度	0.32	0.60
	扭转柔度	0.32	0.60
	转弯柔度	0.18	0.60
	制动柔度	0.18	0.60
动态工况	1阶频率	0.45	0.40
	2阶频率	0.27	0.40
	3阶频率	0.17	0.40
	4阶频率	0.11	0.40