车用CFRP层压圆柱壳冲击损伤分析及最小穿透能量预测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.01.003

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (1): 29-38.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.01.003

车用CFRP层压圆柱壳冲击损伤分析及最小穿透能量预测

王丹琦¹^,²(), 吴霖滔¹, 聂冰冰², 车文传³, 邹铁方¹, 张君媛³^,^*()

1.长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院，长沙410114，中国
2.清华大学，智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室（原汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室），北京100084，中国
3.吉林大学汽车工程学院，长春130025，中国

收稿日期:2023-10-14 修回日期:2023-12-11 出版日期:2024-02-29 发布日期:2024-02-29
通讯作者: *张君媛，教授。E-mail：junyuan@jlu.edu.cn。
作者简介:王丹琦（1992—），女（汉），黑龙江，讲师。E-mail：danqi_wang@csust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52072216);汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金项目(KFY2203)

Impact damage analysis and minimum penetration energy prediction of CFRP laminated cylindrical shell for automotive applications

WANG Danqi¹^,²(), WU Lintao¹, NIE Bingbing², CHE Wenchuan³, ZOU Tiefang¹, ZHANG Junyuan³^,^*()

1. College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility (Former: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China

Received:2023-10-14 Revised:2023-12-11 Online:2024-02-29 Published:2024-02-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）在汽车曲面零部件上的应用前景，该文以碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）层压圆柱壳作为对象，研究其在落锤冲击工况下的损伤与吸能特性。基于复合材料均质化方法，建立CFRP层压圆柱壳落锤冲击的多尺度模型，探究曲率半径对冲击损伤和能量吸收的影响；并采用非线性拟合方法建立了最小穿透能量与层压圆柱壳材料参数、结构参数及落锤参数之间的函数关系，实现概念设计阶段最小穿透能量的快速预测，对比仿真结果拟合公式的误差在20%以内。结果表明：相较于平板，层压圆柱壳的峰值载荷宽度更大、更平稳。在60 J冲击作用下，层压圆柱壳各铺层损伤面积相对均匀，其中纤维损伤与曲率半径无关，基体损伤面积随曲率半径增大而增大；当曲率半径为100 mm时，层压壳承载及抵抗变形能力较好，具有较好的抗冲击性；当曲率半径为200 mm时，层压壳耗散能量最多，吸能效果较好。

关键词: 汽车轻量化, 碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）, 层压圆柱壳, 冲击损伤, 能量吸收

Abstract:

The damage and energy absorption characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminated cylindrical shells under the condition of drop hammer impact were studied to explore the application prospect of CFRP in automotive curved parts. Based on the homogenization method of composite materials, a multi-scale model of CFRP laminated cylindrical shells was established to investigate the effect of radius of curvature on the impact damage and energy absorption of CFRP laminated cylindrical shells under the penetration condition. The functional relationship between the minimum penetration energy and the material parameters of the laminated cylindrical shell, structural parameters and drop hammer parameters was established with the nonlinear fitting method, so as to realize the rapid prediction of the minimum penetration energy at the conceptual design stage. Compared with the simulation results, the error of the fitting formula is less than 20%. The results show that the peak load width of laminated cylindrical shell is larger and more stable than that of flat plate. Under the impact of 60 J, the damage area of each layer of the laminated cylindrical shell is relatively uniform, and the damage area of the fiber is independent of the curvature radius, and the damage area of the matrix increases with the curvature radius. When the radius of curvature is 100 mm, the laminated shell has good bearing capacity and deformation resistance, and has good impact resistance. When the curvature radius is 200 mm, the laminated shell dissipates the most energy, and the energy absorption effect is better.

Key words: automobile lightweight, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), laminated cylindrical shell, impact damage, impact damage

中图分类号:

TB332

王丹琦, 吴霖滔, 聂冰冰, 车文传, 邹铁方, 张君媛. 车用CFRP层压圆柱壳冲击损伤分析及最小穿透能量预测[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(1): 29-38.

WANG Danqi, WU Lintao, NIE Bingbing, CHE Wenchuan, ZOU Tiefang, ZHANG Junyuan. Impact damage analysis and minimum penetration energy prediction of CFRP laminated cylindrical shell for automotive applications[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(1): 29-38.

图/表 20

参考文献 17

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密度，ρ	1.550 t/m³
弹性模量，E₁	145 GPa
弹性模量，E₂	8.1 GPa
弹性模量，E₃	8.1 GPa
泊松比，υ₂₁	0.36
剪切模量，G₁₂	4.4 GPa
纤维方向(1方向)的拉伸强度，X_T1	2.455 GPa
纤维方向(1方向)的压缩强度，X_C2	1.211 GPa
基体方向(2方向)的拉伸强度，Y_T2	35 MPa
基体方向(2方向)的压缩强度，Y_C2	186 MPa
纵向面内剪切强度，S	61 MPa

密度，ρ	1.550 t/m³
弹性模量，E₁	145 GPa
弹性模量，E₂	8.1 GPa
弹性模量，E₃	8.1 GPa
泊松比，υ₂₁	0.36
剪切模量，G₁₂	4.4 GPa
纤维方向(1方向)的拉伸强度，X_T1	2.455 GPa
纤维方向(1方向)的压缩强度，X_C2	1.211 GPa
基体方向(2方向)的拉伸强度，Y_T2	35 MPa
基体方向(2方向)的压缩强度，Y_C2	186 MPa
纵向面内剪切强度，S	61 MPa

材料	密度 g·cm^-3	杨氏模量 GPa	面内杨氏模量 GPa	泊松比	面内泊松比	横向剪切模量 GPa
纤维	1.8	210.95	27.1	0.38	0.31	100
基体	1.2	3.55	-	0.30	-	-

材料	密度 g·cm^-3	杨氏模量 GPa	面内杨氏模量 GPa	泊松比	面内泊松比	横向剪切模量 GPa
纤维	1.8	210.95	27.1	0.38	0.31	100
基体	1.2	3.55	-	0.30	-	-

R / mm	v_min / (mm·s^-1)	k	R²	U_minp/ J
100	2 330.57	1.9	0.999	26.29
200	2 518.47	1.8	0.999	30.7
300	2 722.82	2.1	0.999	35.91
400	2 662.19	1.9	0.999	34.3

车用CFRP层压圆柱壳冲击损伤分析及最小穿透能量预测

Impact damage analysis and minimum penetration energy prediction of CFRP laminated cylindrical shell for automotive applications

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序号	d / mm	V_f / %	D / mm
P1^100/200/300	1.2	40	8
P2^100/200/300	1.2	60	16
P3^100/200/300	1.2	60	24
P4^100/200/300	2.4	40	16
P5^100/200/300	2.4	60	16
P6^100/200/300	2.4	60	24
P7^100/200/300	3.6	80	8
P8^100/200/300	3.6	80	16
P9^100/200/300	3.6	60	24

序号	v_min / (mm·s^-1)	k	U_minp	序号	v_min / (mm·s^-1)	k	U_minp	序号	v_min / (mm·s^-1)	k	U_minp
P1¹⁰⁰	1 392.97	1.84	9.39	P1²⁰⁰	1 458.45	1.95	10.29	P1³⁰⁰	1 475.89	2.02	10.54
P2¹⁰⁰	1 657.35	1.87	13.29	P2²⁰⁰	1 494.19	2.20	10.81	P2³⁰⁰	1 671.46	2.00	13.52
P3¹⁰⁰	1 832.55	1.87	16.26	P3²⁰⁰	2 206.03	1.92	23.64	P3³⁰⁰	1 940.16	1.99	18.22
P4¹⁰⁰	2 090.29	1.70	21.15	P4²⁰⁰	2 253.40	1.85	24.60	P4³⁰⁰	2 528.10	1.83	30.93
P5¹⁰⁰	2 330.57	1.80	26.30	P5²⁰⁰	2 518.47	1.83	30.71	P5³⁰⁰	2 723.82	2.11	35.90
P6¹⁰⁰	2 568.54	1.80	31.93	P6²⁰⁰	2 562.12	1.70	31.77	P6³⁰⁰	2 547.08	1.80	31.40
P7¹⁰⁰	2 606.18	1.77	32.87	P7²⁰⁰	2 580.47	1.92	32.22	P7³⁰⁰	2 681.60	1.83	34.76
P8¹⁰⁰	2 874.22	1.87	39.98	P8²⁰⁰	2 946.92	1.99	42.03	P8³⁰⁰	2 860.84	1.85	39.62
P9¹⁰⁰	3 304.82	1.99	52.86	P9²⁰⁰	3 476.96	1.84	58.51	P9³⁰⁰	3 405.65	1.85	55.95

样本数据参数组合				U_minp / J		误差 / %
d / mm	V_f / %	D / mm	R / mm	仿真值	理论值	误差 / %
2.4	60	16	250	34.55	28.79	16.67
2.4	60	16	150	34.28	27.73	19.11
1.2	80	24	100	22.71	26.18	-15.28
2.4	80	8	300	27.38	22.55	17.64
3.6	40	24	100	40.70	34.07	16.29

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