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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 207-216.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.02.003

• 汽车安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

电动汽车侧面柱撞前排双乘员中远端乘员头颈部损伤研究

吕远朋1,2(), 王方1,2, 龙春光1,2,*(), 王丹琦1,2, 邹铁方1,2, 刘煜3   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学 汽车与机械工程学院，长沙 410114，中国
    2.工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410114，中国
    3.中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 汽车安全技术中心，重庆 401122，中国
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-13 修回日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-04-22
  • 通讯作者: * 龙春光，教授。E-mail：642426853@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:吕远朋（1998—），男（汉），湖南，研究生。E-mail：22203030685@stu.csust.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52372348);国家自然科学基金项目(52172399);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0240);湖南省普通高等学校科技创新团队资助项目(2024RC1029)

Research on head-neck injury of far-side occupant in side pole impact of electric vehicle with dual front passengers

LÜ Yuanpeng1,2(), WANG Fang1,2, LONG Chunguang1,2,*(), WANG Danqi1,2, ZOU Tiefang1,2, LIU Yu3   

  1. 1. College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 41011, China
    2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Construction Vehicles, Changsha 410114, China
    3. China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., LTD., Vehicle Safety Technology Center, Chongqing 401122, China
  • Received:2024-10-13 Revised:2024-12-02 Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-04-22

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摘要：

为研究电动汽车侧面柱碰撞中前排双乘员体型差异，以及相互作用对远端乘员的影响，该研究使用了5百分位体型女性作为近端乘员，50百分位体型男性作为远端乘员，通过改变碰撞角度和位置构建多种仿真场景；采用线性拟合的方式对远端乘员在不同碰撞条件下的运动学响应和头、颈部损伤进行数值分析。结果表明：随着碰撞角度增大，远端乘员横向位移增加，安全带约束效果减弱，乘员更易与近端乘员或自身发生碰撞；碰撞角度大于45°时，HIC15预测的AIS3+损伤风险超过50%，头部损伤准则（HIP）值显示在所有案例中头部吸收了大量能量，均表明远端乘员会承受较高的AIS3+脑损伤风险。颈部前外侧韧带（ALL）损伤多发生于大角度碰撞，且与碰撞角度相关；后纵向韧带（PLL）、关节囊韧带（CL）和棘突间韧带（ISL）几乎在所有案例中都存在明显的颈部韧带损伤风险。

关键词: 电动汽车, 侧面柱碰撞, 远端乘员, 头部损伤, 颈部损伤

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of occupant size differences and mutual interactions on the far-side occupant in side pole collisions involving electric vehicles, this study used a 5th percentile female as the near-side occupant and a 50th percentile male as the far-side occupant, and constructed various simulation scenarios by altering the collision angle and position. A linear fitting method was employed to numerically analyze the kinematic responses and head and neck injuries of the far-side occupant under different collision conditions. The results show that with the collision angle increasing, the lateral displacement of the far-side occupant increases, the restraining effect of the seatbelt weakens, and the occupant is more likely to collide with the near-side occupant or themselves. When the collision angle exceeds 45°, the HIC15 predicted AIS 3+ injury risk surpasses 50%. The Head Injury Criteria (HIP) values indicate that, in all cases, the head absorbs a significant amount of energy, suggesting a high risk of AIS 3+ traumatic brain injury for the far-side occupant. Neck anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) injuries predominantly occur in high-angle collisions and are correlated with the collision angle. Additionally, the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), capsular ligament (CL), and interspinous ligament (ISL) show a significant risk of neck ligament injuries in almost all cases.

Key words: electric vehicles, side pole impact, far-side occupant, head injury, neck injury

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