锂电池与燃料电池混合观光车动力系统的优化设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决传统电动车续航焦虑的问题，对燃料电池观光车进行了功率匹配设计与仿真验证，提出了一种功率跟随型能量管理策略。对比了纯锂电池观光车（LI）、纯燃料电池观光车（FC）、LI 与FC的混合动力观光车（LI-FC）的输出特性，并仿真试验。结果表明：LI-FC的爬坡度与纯锂电池观光车不相上下，续航里程较纯锂电池观光车提升了15%，等效氢耗较纯锂电池观光车减少了53%，动力电池荷电状态（SOC）能保持在0.5~0.9之间稳定工作，燃料电池也会在额定工况与怠速工况下稳定切换。因此，燃料电池锂电池混合动力观光车具有这3种观光车中最优续航能力、较好的使用经济性、最好的使用稳定性，燃料电池与动力电池都能在期望工况下稳定工作，有较好的竞争力。

关键词: 混合动力车, 纯锂电池, 燃料电池（FC）, 观光车, 能量管理, 续航里程

Abstract:

A power-following energy management strategies were proposed for fuel-cell (FC) sightseeing-bus with the power matching design and the simulation verification to reduce the endurance anxiety of traditional electric-vehicles. The output characteristics of pure lithium-battery (LI) sightseeing-bus, the pure fuel-cell sightseeing-bus (FC) and the hybrid (LI-FC) sightseeing-bus were compared. The results show that the climbing degree of the hybrid sightseeing bus is comparable to that of the pure electric vehicle; while the cruising range is increased by 15% compared with that of the pure lithium battery sightseeing-bus; and the equivalent hydrogen consumption is reduced by 53% compared with that of the pure lithium battery sightseeing-bus. The state of charge (SOC) of the power battery can keep stable working between 0.5 and 0.9, and the fuel cell will also switch stably under rated working conditions and idle working conditions. Therefore, the fuel cell and lithium cell hybrid sightseeing-bus (LI-FC) has the best endurance, better use economy and the best use stability among the three sightseeing-buses, and both the fuel cell and the power battery work stably under the expected working conditions, so having good competitiveness.

Key words: hybrid power vehicles, pure lithium battery, fuel cell (FC), sightseeing bus, energy management, mileage

中图分类号:

U469.7

关权, 涂正凯. 锂电池与燃料电池混合观光车动力系统的优化设计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(2): 199-207.

GUAN Quan, TU Zhengkai. Optimal design of energy management system for hybrid sightseeing-bus with fuel-cells and lithium-batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(2): 199-207.

图/表 18

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整备质量，m₀	0.800 t
LI车满载质量，m₁	1.130 t
LIFC车满载质量，m₂	1.093 t
FC车满载质量，m₃	1.086 t
迎风面积，A	2.678 m²
风阻因数，C_D	0.60
滚动半径，r	0.288 m
滚动因数，f	0.018
减速器传动比，i₀	6
最大爬坡度	20%
0~20 km/h加速时间	20 s
1 km 最高车速	30 km/h
30 min最高车速	25 km/h
5%坡度最高车速	20 km/h

整备质量，m₀	0.800 t
LI车满载质量，m₁	1.130 t
LIFC车满载质量，m₂	1.093 t
FC车满载质量，m₃	1.086 t
迎风面积，A	2.678 m²
风阻因数，C_D	0.60
滚动半径，r	0.288 m
滚动因数，f	0.018
减速器传动比，i₀	6
最大爬坡度	20%
0~20 km/h加速时间	20 s
1 km 最高车速	30 km/h
30 min最高车速	25 km/h
5%坡度最高车速	20 km/h

观光车电池	P / kW		n / (r·min^-1)		T / Nm
观光车电池	额定	峰值	额定	峰值	额定	峰值
LI	4.53	6.88	1 105	1 658	39.16	118.86
LIFC	4.39	6.65	1 105	1 658	37.93	114.98
FC	4.36	6.61	1 105	1 658	37.69	114.24

观光车电池	P / kW		n / (r·min^-1)		T / Nm
观光车电池	额定	峰值	额定	峰值	额定	峰值
LI	4.53	6.88	1 105	1 658	39.16	118.86
LIFC	4.39	6.65	1 105	1 658	37.93	114.98
FC	4.36	6.61	1 105	1 658	37.69	114.24

电机型号	YP132B3/5-48V6.3-1500
电压DC	48 V
额定功率	6.3 kW
额定电流	144 A
额定转速	1 500 r/min
额定扭矩	40 Nm