基于钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的18650锂离子电池针刺滥用热失控颗粒喷发物特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.007

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (2): 193-198.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.007

基于钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的18650锂离子电池针刺滥用热失控颗粒喷发物特性

薛耀¹(), 刘洁¹, 李伟峰¹^,²^,^*(), 高镇海¹, 王贺武²

1.吉林大学汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室，长春 130022，中国
2.清华大学，绿色智能车辆与交通全国重点实验室（原汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室），北京 100083，中国

收稿日期:2023-11-06 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-04-30 发布日期:2024-04-27
通讯作者: * 李伟峰，副教授。E-mail：liweifeng@jlu.edu.cn。
作者简介:薛耀（2001—），男（汉），河北，硕士研究生。E-mail：1635441969@qq.com。
基金资助:
汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金课题(KFY2224);国家自然科学基金项目(52202440);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220508003RC)

Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration

XUE Yao¹(), LIU Jie¹, LI Weifeng¹^,²^,^*(), GAO Zhenhai¹, WANG Hewu²

1. National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility (Former: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-11-06 Revised:2023-11-22 Online:2024-04-30 Published:2024-04-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示锂离子电池热失控颗粒喷发物特性，以钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的圆柱型18650锂离子电池为研究对象，在满电状态下进行了针刺滥用实验研究。收集颗粒喷发物并按照粒径区间0~0.1、0.10~0.25、0.25~0.5和>0.5 mm分成4份样品，表征和分析颗粒喷发物质量、形貌、粒径和元素组成等理化特性。结果表明：热失控后电池质量损失了40.22%，颗粒喷发物占电池损失质量的40.64%；粒径区间为0~0.1 mm的颗粒喷发物主要为球形或不规则状的黑色固体粉末，表面粗糙有裂痕；累计体积百分比为10%、50%和90%的颗粒喷发物分别对应的颗粒直径为15.66、131.46和481.64 μm；颗粒喷发物中主要金属元素为镍、铝、钴、铜和锂，共占总元素含量的49.98%。该研究为揭示圆柱型18650锂离子电池颗粒喷发物形成机理以及合理处置提供参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全性, 热失控, 颗粒喷发物

Abstract:

An experimental study on acupuncture abuse of cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion batteries with lithium cobalt / nickelate system was carried out under full charge state to reveal the characteristics of lithium-ion battery ejected particles during thermal runaway. The ejected particles were collected and divided into 4 samples according to the ejected particle size ranges of 0~0.1, 0.10~0.25, 0.25~0.5 and > 0.5 mm. The mass, morphology, particle size and elemental composition of the particles were characterized and analyzed. The results show that the mass loss of the battery is 40.22% after thermal runaway, and the ejected particles accounts for 40.64% of the mass loss. The ejected particles with the particle size range of 0~ 0.1mm are mainly spherical or irregular black solid powder with rough surface and cracks. The cumulative volume percentages of ejected particles of 10%, 50% and 90% correspond to the particle diameters of 15.659, 131.457 and 481.643 μm, respectively. The main metal elements in the ejected particles are nickel, aluminum, cobalt, copper and lithium, accounting for 49.98% of the total element content. This study provides a reference for revealing the formation mechanism and reasonable disposal of ejected particles in cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, safety, thermal runaway, ejected particles

中图分类号:

X932
TM911

薛耀, 刘洁, 李伟峰, 高镇海, 王贺武. 基于钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的18650锂离子电池针刺滥用热失控颗粒喷发物特性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(2): 193-198.

XUE Yao, LIU Jie, LI Weifeng, GAO Zhenhai, WANG Hewu. Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(2): 193-198.

图/表 9

电池质量	46.5 g	充电电压	(4.20±0.03) V
电池类型	18650	充电电流	1.675 A
高度	65 mm	阴极活性材料	钴酸锂、镍酸锂
直径	18 mm	阳极活性材料	石墨、硅
标称容量	3.3 Ah	阴极集流体	铝箔
标称电压	3.6 V	阳极集流体	铜箔
放电截止电压	2.5 V	外壳材料	镀锌钢

表1 实验电池的详细技术规格

图1 试验台及主要设备

图2 针刺触发热失控的100%SOC电池表面温度

图3 热失控前、后电池外观图

图4 颗粒喷发物样品

图5 电池及颗粒喷发物质量

图6 颗粒喷发物SEM形貌

图7 颗粒喷发物粒径分布

图8 颗粒喷发物中金属元素含量

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基于钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的18650锂离子电池针刺滥用热失控颗粒喷发物特性

Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration

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