锂离子动力电池蛇形通道液体冷却板的性能优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为使锂离子动力电池有更均匀的温度分布，改善热管理系统的散热性能，本文提出了一种蛇形通道结构液体冷却板。针对提出的蛇行通道液体冷却板进行初步优化，通过在通道内添加翅片、开设导流通道等方式改善液体冷却板的均温性；以冷却板的结构参数(翅片宽度所占通道的百分比、通道联通宽度、间隙)为变量，平均温度和压降为优化目标，通过多目标遗传算法优化得到液体冷却板通道结构的最优解；利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件验证优化结果的准确度。结果表明：与初始结构相比，经多目标优化后，液体冷却板的平均温度降低了6.19 K，温度标准差下降了5.19 K。因而，该液体冷却板散热性能有所提高。

关键词: 锂离子动力电池, 电池热管理, 液体冷却板, 结构设计, 多目标优化

Abstract:

A liquid cooling plate with serpentine channel structure was propose to improve the heat dissipation performance of the lithium-ion power battery thermal management system with a more uniform temperature distribution. The liquid cooling plate in the serpentine passage was preliminarily optimized. The temperature uniformity of the liquid cooling plate was improved by adding fins in the passage and opening a guide channel. The optimal solution of the channel structure of the liquid cooling plate was obtained through multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization, with the structural parameters of the cold plate (the percentage of the fin width in the passage, the channel connection width, and the gap) as variables, and the average temperature and pressure drop as optimization objectives. The software CFD (computational fluid dynamics) was used to verify the accuracy of the optimization results. The results show that the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooled plate after multi-objective optimization is effectively improved with an average temperature reduced by 6.19 K and a temperature standard deviation reduced by 5.19 K compared with the initial structure.

Key words: lithium-ion power batteries, battery thermal management, liquid cooling plate, structural design, multiple objective optimization

中图分类号:

U469.7

李雪, 张甫仁, 路兴隆, 黄郅凯, 赵浩东, 史亚洲. 锂离子动力电池蛇形通道液体冷却板的性能优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 385-392.

LI Xue, ZHANG Furen, LU Xinglong, HUANG Zhikai, ZHAO Haodong, SHI Yazhou. Performance optimization of a snake-like channel liquid cooled plate for lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(3): 385-392.

图/表 18

参考文献 27

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放电倍率	I / A	Q_V / (kW·m^-3)	Q_A / (kW·m^-2)
1 C	15.0	15.9	0.287
2 C	30.0	42.9	0.771
3 C	45.0	80.8	1.454
4 C	60.0	129.7	2.334
5 C	75.0	189.6	3.412

放电倍率	I / A	Q_V / (kW·m^-3)	Q_A / (kW·m^-2)
1 C	15.0	15.9	0.287
2 C	30.0	42.9	0.771
3 C	45.0	80.8	1.454
4 C	60.0	129.7	2.334
5 C	75.0	189.6	3.412

范围	X₁， l₁ / %	X₂， l₂ / %	X₃， d / mm	X₄， a / mm
上限	95	50	1.4	26.0
初值	70	60	1.2	11.0
下限	75	85	1.0	11.0

范围	X₁， l₁ / %	X₂， l₂ / %	X₃， d / mm	X₄， a / mm
上限	95	50	1.4	26.0
初值	70	60	1.2	11.0
下限	75	85	1.0	11.0

样本	设计变量				优化目标
样本	X₁， l₁ / %	X₂， l₂ / %	X₃， d / mm	X₄， a / mm	Y₁, θ_ave/ ℃	Y₂, ?p/ Pa
1	94.7	74.9	1.2	20.9	39.1	78.9
2	85.9	77.3	1.0	14.6	39.3	70.9
3	77.0	63.1	1.1	17.9	40.1	57.9
...	...	...	...	...	...	...
48	92.3	61.3	1.3	23.7	39.2	72.8
49	90.3	69.6	1.3	16.9	39.2	72.0
50	80.8	51.2	1.1	13.3	40.1	57.1