汽车正面碰撞中后排不同坐姿乘员损伤生物力学分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究后排乘员不同坐姿的正面碰撞损伤生物力学特征，采用有限元仿真分析的研究方法，对THUMS AM50乘员在50 km/h正面碰撞时标准坐姿、左倾15°以及右倾15°这3种坐姿下的损伤生物力学进行了分析。并针对左倾15°坐姿，使用3+2点式安全带以及后排正向安全气囊对乘员进行了碰撞保护策略研究。结果表明：乘员左倾15°坐姿损伤最为严重，为此使用3+2点式安全带能有效减轻乘员头部损伤；使用后排正向安全气囊很大程度上对乘员头部以及胸部起到保护作用，并且对左右倾斜坐姿的乘员也具有好的保护效果。未来需要加强对后排乘员的保护研究，以适应不同的碰撞工况以及复杂多变的乘员坐姿。

关键词: 后排乘员, 正面碰撞, 乘员坐姿, 损伤生物力学

Abstract:

In order to study the biomechanical characteristics of frontal collision injury of rear occupant in different sitting positions, the finite element simulation analysis method was used to analyze the biomechanics of THUMS AM50 occupant in the 50 km/h frontal collision under the normal sitting position, 15° left leaning and 15° right leaning. Aiming at the 15° left leaning sitting position, the collision protection strategy was studied by using the 3+2 point seat belt and the rear forward airbag. The results show that the most serious injury is caused by sitting posture of 15° left tilt, so the use of the 3+2 point seat belt can effectively reduce the head injury of passengers, and the use of rear forward airbag can greatly protect the head and chest of passengers. The strategy of using rear forward airbag has a good protection effect on the passengers who are leaning to the left and right. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the protection of rear passenger, so as to adapt to different collision conditions and complex and changeable occupant sitting posture.

Key words: rear seat occupants, frontal collision, occupant sitting position, injury biomechanics

中图分类号:

U467.1+4

武和全, 周惠来, 李羿辉, 胡林. 汽车正面碰撞中后排不同坐姿乘员损伤生物力学分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(6): 688-697.

WU Hequan, ZHOU Huilai, LI Yihui, HU Lin. Biomechanical analysis of occupant damage in different sitting positions in the rear seat in a frontal collision[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 688-697.

图/表 22

参考文献 14

[1]	ZHANG Lijian Lee, CHEN Liang, Vertiz A, et al. Survey of front passenger posture usage in passenger vehicles[C] // 2004 SAE World Congress. Detroit, Michigan, 2004: 1-8.
[2]	Bose D, Crandall J R, Untaroiu C D, et al. Influence of pre-collision occupant parameters on injury outcome in a frontal collision[J]. Accid Anal Prev, 2010, 42(4): 1398-1407. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.03.004 pmid: 20441858
[3]	Leledakis A, Osth J, Davidsson J, et al. The influence of car passengers' sitting postures in intersection crashes[J]. Accid Anal Prev. 2021, 157: 106170. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106170 URL
[4]	Park G, Kim T, Matthew B. Panzer, et al. Validation of shoulder response of human body finite-element model (ghbmc) under whole body lateral impact condition.[J]. Ann Biomed Engi, 2016, 44(8): 2558-2576.
[5]	苏占领, 谭龙, 徐建勋, 等. 基于前车偏置场景的AEB系统性能测试与分析[J]. 公路与汽运, 2023, 214(1): 1-4+26.
	SU Zhan, TAN Long, XU Jianxun, et al. Performance test and analysis of AEB system based on the front vehicle offset scene[J]. High Autom Transport, 2023, 214(1): 1-4+26. (in Chinese)
[6]	蒋骏, 王朝健, 李哓艳. 面向AEB测试的汽车与不同二轮车典型事故场景构建[J]. 公路与汽运, 2023, 215(2): 32-39.
	JIANG Jun, WANG Chaojian, LI Haoyan. Construction of typical accident scenarios of automobiles and different two-wheeled vehicles for AEB testing[J]. High Autom Transport, 2023, 215(2): 32-39. (in Chinese)
[7]	Kang M, Lee I, Jung J, et al. Motion responses by occupants in out-of-seat positions during autonomous emergency braking[J]. Ann Biomed Engi, 2021, 49(9): 2468-2480.
[8]	Esfahani E S, Digges K. Trend of rear occupant protection in frontal crashes over model years of vehicles[R]. SAE Tech Paper, 2009: 2009-0l-0377.
[9]	周惠来, 武和全, 王海涛. 后排乘员安全带约束系统研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2023(2): 43-48.
	Zhou Huilai, Wu Hequan, Wang Haitao. Research on Seat Belt Restraint System for Rear Occupants[J]. Automobile Technology. 2023(2): 43-48. (in Chinese)
[10]	中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司. C-NCAP管理规则(2021版)[R]. 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司, 天津, 2020.
	China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd. C-NCAP Management Rules (2021 Edit)[R]. China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 2020. (in Chinese)
[11]	陈坤. 基于THUMS 模型的正碰后排乘员损伤分析与约束系统优化[D]. 重庆: 重庆理工大学, 2019.
	CHEN Kun. Damage analysis and optimization of frontal rear occupant damage based on THUMS model[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)
[12]	Osth J, Olafsdóttir J M, Davidsson J, et al. Driver kinematic and muscle responses in braking events with standard and reversible pre-tensioned restraints: validation data for human models[J]. Stap Car Crash J, 2013, 57: 1-41.
[13]	Kent R W, Purtsezov S V, Pilkey W D. Limiting performance analysis of a seat belt system with slack[J]. Int’l J Impa Engi, 2007, 34(8): 1382-1395.
[14]	腾讯网. 奔驰安全科技日详解[EB/OL]. (2023-01-18) [2023-03-31]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230118A06EL400.
	Tencent. com. Mercedes-Benz safety technology day in detail[EB/OL]. (2020-07-20) [2023-03-31]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230118A06EL400. (in Chinese)

	HIC₁₅	a_head,max / g	BrIC
NSP	179.7	73.2	0.92
OOP_L15	1 946.0	172.0	1.03
OOP_R15	490.3	86.4	0.89

	HIC₁₅	a_head,max / g	BrIC
NSP	179.7	73.2	0.92
OOP_L15	1 946.0	172.0	1.03
OOP_R15	490.3	86.4	0.89

	F_{neck, max}/ MPa
	ALL	PLL	CL	LF	ISL
NSP	0.34	0.66	1.66	0.51	2.32
OOP_L15	1.30	0.67	1.96	0.51	1.38
OOP_R15	0.29	0.56	1.56	0.46	1.62

	F_{neck, max}/ MPa
	ALL	PLL	CL	LF	ISL
NSP	0.34	0.66	1.66	0.51	2.32
OOP_L15	1.30	0.67	1.96	0.51	1.38
OOP_R15	0.29	0.56	1.56	0.46	1.62

坐姿		NSP	OOP_L15	OOP_R15
骨折情况		5根 (L₁, L₇, L₈, L₁₀, R₁)	3根 (L₈, R₃, R₇)	4根 (L₁, R₁, R₃, R₇)
骨折位置
胸部最大压缩量 / mm	左上	18.1	4.8	8.9
	右上	9.1	19.9	11.6
	左下	52.4	59.5	43.1
	右下	26.1	9.4	3.1
	上侧	26.8	10.7	27.5
	下侧	16.8	34.3	2.2
最大塑性应变/ MPa	心脏	0.27	0.37	0.71
	肝脏	0.58	0.31	0.22
	脾脏	0.32	0.33	0.18
	肺部	0.46	0.41	0.39