正碰下6岁儿童乘员的胸部运动学方程与损伤风险分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为厘清正面碰撞中6岁儿童乘员胸部损伤机理，基于ECE R129法规，选取某款儿童约束系统（CRS），对比Hybrid III 6YO 假人模型与THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型在正面碰撞中的运动学响应与损伤指标的差异；用Hybrid III 6YO假人模型，建立胸部动力学方程，分析正碰中内外力对胸部加速度的影响；对THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型的肋骨、心脏和肺部的应变进行分析，得出儿童乘员的胸部损伤风险。结果表明：Hybrid III 6YO假人模型所受到的颈部力与安全的肩带力对胸部加速度的影响较大。THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型的胸部质心合成加速度52.1g，Hybrid III 6YO假人模型的加速度38.8g，两者均低于法规规定的参考数值。

关键词: 汽车安全, 正面碰撞, 6岁儿童, 胸部损伤, Hybrid III 6YO假人模型, THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型

Abstract:

This paper aimed at clarifying the thoracic injury mechanism of 6-year-old child occupants in frontal crashes. A child restraint system (CRS) was selected based on the ECE R129 regulation. The differences between the Hybrid III 6YO dummy model and the THUMS 6YO human finite element model were compared of the kinematic response and of the injury indicators. Thoracic kinetic equations were established on the Hybrid III 6YO dummy model to analyzed the effects of internal and external forces on the thorax acceleration in frontal crashes, and to analyzed the strains on the ribs, the heart and the lungs of the THUMS 6YO human finite element mode, before deriving the thoracic injury risk to the child occupants. The results show that the neck force and the safe shoulder belt force on the Hybrid III 6YO dummy model have a greater effect on the chest centroid synthesis acceleration. The chest centroid synthesis acceleration achieves 52.1g for the THUMS 6YO human finite element model, and 38.8g for the Hybrid III 6YO dummy model, both are below the regulatory reference values.

Key words: automotive safety, frontal impact, 6-year-old children, chest injury, Hybrid III 6YO dummy, THUMS 6YO finite element model of human body

中图分类号:

U461.99

叶凡, 王丙雨, 韩勇, 叶赛峰, 余意. 正碰下6岁儿童乘员的胸部运动学方程与损伤风险分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(4): 617-624.

YE Fan, WANG Bingyu, HAN Yong, YE Saifeng, YU Yi. Kinematic equation and injury risk analysis of the chest of 6-year-old child occupant under frontal crash[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(4): 617-624.

图/表 15

图1 儿童座椅有限元模型

图2 儿童约束系统完整正面碰撞台车有限元模型

编号	长度/mm	厚度/mm	直径/mm
2	750	2.0	75.5
3	650	2.0	75.5
4	1 080	0.8	75.5
5	850	2.0	75.5

表1 吸能管模型的组合参数

图3 台车拟合的加速度曲线

图4 吸能管组合形式和编号

图5 仿真测试模型

图6 胸部合成加速度

图7 骨盆合成加速度

图8 Hybrid III 6YO假人模型胸部所受的内外力

图9 作用于Hybrid III 6YO假人模型X方向上的内外力与胸部惯性力

图10 2种模型的运动响应对比

图11 2种模型胸部合成加速度与胸部压缩量对比

图12 2种模型胸部黏性准则VC值对比

图13 肋骨、心脏和肺部等软组织器官第一主应变云图

模型	a g	D mm	VC_max m s^-1	ε / %
模型	a g	D mm	VC_max m s^-1	肋骨	心脏	肺部
IARV	55.0	40.0	1.00	3.6~4.5	30.0	35.0
Hybrid III 6YO	52.1	13.8	0.12	—	—	—
THUMS 6YO	38.8	25.0	0.10	3.9	65.6	87.9

表2 不同模型各项伤害值

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