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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4): 295-307.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.04.001

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关注碰撞中易受伤人群：用于损伤生物力学研究的有限元人体模型最新进展

胡敬文1，Jonathan D. RUPP1,2,3, Matthew P. REED 1,4   

  1. 1. 密歇根大学 交通研究院，安娜堡市，密歇根州，美国；2. 密歇根大学 急诊医学系， 安娜堡市，密歇根州，美国；
    3. 密歇根大学 生物医学工程系，安娜堡市，密歇根州， 美国； 4. 密歇根大学 工业工程系，安娜堡市，密歇根州，美国
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-15 出版日期:2012-12-25 发布日期:2013-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 胡敬文（1977—），男（汉），天津，密歇根大学助理研究员,E-mail: jwhu@umich.edu
  • 作者简介:胡敬文博士 现为美国密歇根大学交通研究院生物科学组助理 研究员。他的研究集中在利用数值模型模拟人 体、假人 (ATD) 和汽车在碰撞环境下的响应。 他近期从事的课题包括对于儿童、老人、怀孕 妇女、轮椅使用者、行人和肥胖者的伤害预防。

Focusing on Vulnerable Populations in Crashes:Recent Advances in Finite Element Human Models for Injury Biomechanics Research

HU Jingwen1, Jonathan D. RUPP 1,2,3, Matthew P. REED 1,4   

  1. 1.University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ；
    2. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ；
    3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ；
    4. Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • Received:2012-11-15 Online:2012-12-25 Published:2013-01-05
  • About author:Dr. Jingwen HU He is an assistant research scientist in the Biosciences group at University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, USA. His research interests focus on numerical modeling of human, Anthropommorphic Test Devices (ATD), and vehicles under impact loading. His recent research included injury prevention for children, elderly, pregnant female, wheel-chair user, pedestrian, and obese population.

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摘要：

在汽车碰撞中，相对于平均身高的年轻男性，儿童、矮小女性、老人和肥胖者是易受伤害的
人群，因而会有较高的死亡率和重伤率。但包括碰撞假人和人体有限元模型在内的现有伤害评价工具，
一般未考虑人群中体型和身材组成的多样性。参数化人体有限元模型能够代表广泛人体属性，最大
地拓宽碰撞安全所保护的人群。本综述发现：关于人体测量学、人体有限元模型、网格变换、人体
材料试验和尸体试验的最新研究，为建立参数化人体有限元模型奠定了基础。本文提出了建立这样
一个参数化的人体有限元模型的方案。该模型可模拟不同人群，对汽车进行安全优化设计，这是现
有伤害评价工具所无法做到的。

关键词: 机动车碰撞, 损伤生物力学, 人体模型, 易受伤害人群, 儿童, 老人, 肥胖者

Abstract:

Children, small female, elderly, and obese occupants are at greater risk of death and serious injuries
in motor-vehicle crashes than the mid-size, young, male occupants. However, current injury assessment tools,
including crash test dummies and finite element (FE) human models, generally do not account for different
body shape and composition variations among the population. The opportunity to broaden crash protection
encompassing all vehicle occupants lies in improved, parametric human FE models that represent a wide range
of human attributes. In this study, a literature review demonstrates that recent studies on human anthropometry,
finite element human modeling, mesh morphing, human tissue tests and whole-body cadaver tests have laid the
groundwork for the new generation of human models. A framework for developing such models was proposed
in this study. The developed models enable population-based simulations for future vehicle design optimizations
targeting at various vulnerable populations that are not represented by current injury assessment tools.