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Welcome to Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy,
汽车安全与节能学报

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  • 2010, Vol. 1 No. 2 Published on:15 June 2010 Previous issue    Next issue
    R & D current situation and frontier for energy-saving and clean utilization in internal combustion engines
    HUANG Zuohua
    2010, 1(2):  89-97.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.001
    Abstract ( 2287 )   PDF (2040KB) ( 3104 )  
    The current status and developing trends of high-efficient low emission engines were analyzed. They include the high-pressure multi-injection diesel engine with advanced after-treatment system, the direct-injection stoichiometric gasoline engine with three-way catalyst system, the alternative fuel engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition. The frontier of fundamental investigation for high-efficient low-emission engines include high-efficient low emission combustion theory, new combustion mode and theory, chemical kinetics, combustion measurement diagnostics, large eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation.
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    Research status and prospects of automotive safety technology
    SONG Jian, WANG Weiwei, LI Liang
    2010, 1(2):  98-106.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.002
    Abstract ( 2707 )   PDF (2516KB) ( 5223 )  
    The current international vehicle technology was introduced. This article described the passive safety technology: automotive collision safety design and vehicle structure design technology, key technology of advanced passenger restraint systems, vehicle safety devices to protect pedestrians, collision safety and security performance evaluation database platform; and the active safety technology: vehicle dynamics stability control technology, integrated chassis control technology, intelligent security auxiliary control technology, pre-warning technology based on people - Vehicle dangerous condition monitoring. A development mode of the advanced automotive security technology, was proposed. The  trends of the car-road coordinate control, intelligent highway and basic research of common technology were also preseuted.
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    Fuel Additives for Future Fuel and Vehicle Technologies
    Joseph W. ROOS, Larry J. CUNNINGHAM, Xu Fuqiang
    2010, 1(2):  107-114.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.003
    Abstract ( 2390 )   PDF (1760KB) ( 4529 )  
    Authors reviewed the role of fuel additive in producing quality transportation fuels and fuel additive for optimal vehicle performance, meanwhile studied fuel additive application for advanced hybrid vehicles and direct injection engines. Transportation fuel and vehicle technology are rapidly evolving in response to regulatory and commercial efforts to assure energy supply, improve fuel economy and reduce mobile source emissions.  Along with these changes, the fuels must meet the demands for transportation and storage in a safe and efficient manner and the vehicle performance requirements to ensure acceptable operation in consumer use.  This evaluation looks at the broad class of fuel additives and considers how they can provide fuel producers with a means to readily deliver safe and effective transportation of fuel and to allow for effective operation of changing engine technologies. 
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    Automotive Safety
    Simulations and experiments for crash safety of a fuel cell passenger car
    YU Zhuoping, ZHANG Juehui
    2010, 1(2):  115-121.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.004
    Abstract ( 2109 )   PDF (11782KB) ( 1609 )  
    Vehicle crash safety is one of most important key technologies for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicle. The characterization of crash safety of fuel cell vehicle was investigated based on the analysis of the work principle and structure of a China-made fuel cell passenger car. A finite element model of crash was developed and virtual frontal crash tests were carried out. A total vehicle frontal crash experiment was conducted with helium as substitute of hydrogen. Then, the safety of passenger protection, vehicle body structure and hydrogen storage system were analyzed. The results of virtual analysis to vehicle experimental validation show that the fuel cell vehicle can meet the technique requirement of crash safety.
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    FEM simulation of pedestrian-vehicle accidents based on parameters of Chinese human body
    GUO Rui, YUAN Quan, LI Yibing
    2010, 1(2):  122-126.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.005
    Abstract ( 1670 )   PDF (2894KB) ( 1777 )  
    A computer simulation model of pedestrian-vehicle accidents was developed to analyze pedestrian-vehicle accident and vehicle safety research. The model was based on finite element method (FEM) and human dimensions and inertial parameters of Chinese adult human body. Human Body Model was set up for the men's 50 percentile which including 15 individual segments, and the vehicle model was simplified into the front-end outline structure which contact with the human body. The microscopic validation and the macro validation of the simulation model were verified compared with a real video of pedestrian-vehicle accident and theoretical results. Thus, the simulation model can estimate the vehicle velocity in pedestrian-vehicle accident and can be applied to a real traffic accident reconstruction.
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    Application of FMVSS201 in vehicle collision  interior impact to occupant head injury
    WANG Yajun, CHEN Chaozhuo, WU Shenron
    2010, 1(2):  127-131.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.006
    Abstract ( 2206 )   PDF (2287KB) ( 2826 )  
    The vehicle interior is playing a vital role in occupant protection when the vehicle collision happens. According to the FMVSS201 (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations,FMVSS) released by United States in 1998, a CAE (computer aided engineering) model was built including the impact location, hard point, material property, thickness, and the ribs of vehicle interior. The sensitivity of interior impact to the material property, thickness, and structure of the interior was studied. A simplified mechanical model was used to analyze the force of occupant’s head impact to the interior. The analysis method can be used to improve the design of the vehicle interior.
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    Spray characteristics and engine adaptability of 2,5-dimethylfuran  
    TIAN Guohong, XU Hongming, Ritchie DANIEL, LI Haiying, LI Yanfei
    2010, 1(2):  132-140.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.007
    Abstract ( 2000 )   PDF (6595KB) ( 2308 )  
     2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has been regarded as a potential sustainable alternative fuel for gasoline. The microscopic spray characteristics of DMF were studied using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). The engine performance and emissions were tested on a single cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine. By those tests, the adaptability of DMF as an alternative internal combustion engine fuel was investigated. As comparison, those of commercial gasoline and another alternative fuel, ethanol, were studied too. The results show that DMF is similar to gasoline in terms of spray characteristics, however ethanol has lower droplets velocity and higher droplet Sauter mean diameter. For engine performance, more advanced spark timing can be applied at high load for DMF to achieve better efficiency, but generally, DMF has similar fuel consumption to gasoline. In terms of emissions, DMF has higher NOx emission, and similar HC and CO emissions to gasoline.
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    Application of portable emission measurement system (PEMS) on the emission measurements of urban vehicles on-road
    GE Yunshan, WANG Aijuan, WANG Meng, Ding Yan, Tan Jianwei, ZHU Yuchen
    2010, 1(2):  141-145.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.008
    Abstract ( 1871 )   PDF (2031KB) ( 2866 )  
    On-road emission characteristics of urban vehicles were measured using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). On-road carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured. The vehicles included complying with ChinaⅢ,Ⅳemission standards, diesel buses, compressed natural gas (CNG) buses and gasoline taxies with the displacement of 1.6 L complying with ChinaⅢ,Ⅳemission standards. The pollutant emissions of taxies were tested under hot-start and cold-start conditions on chassis dynamometer in laboratory. The impacts of air conditioning on emissions of the buses were researched. Results show that the pollutant emissions levels of the tested taxies under real-world driving conditions are obviously higher than that under the certification cycle conditions; compared to diesel buses, the NOx and THC emission factors of CNG buses are lower, but the PM emission factors may be higher; the use of air conditioning results in serious deterioration of emissions of buses.
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    Emission characteristics of gasoline taxi cabs complying with China Ⅳ emission standards during cold and hot starts
    WANG Haitao, HU Jingnan, BAO Xiaofeng, WU Ye, XIE Shuxia, LI Zhenhua
    2010, 1(2):  146-151.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.009
    Abstract ( 1617 )   PDF (2272KB) ( 2047 )  
    Cold and hot start emissions play a more and more important role in light-duty vehicles in China. Three gasoline taxi cabs were chosen, which comply with China Ⅳ emission standards, for emission testing on the real road using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The results show that cold start almost ended its impact on vehicle emissions after 300 s, and hot start almost ended after 120 s according to the emission data. There are significant differences in HC and CO emissions under different kinds of vehicle starts conditions. The shorter the interval between engine stop and start, the less HC and CO emissions right after the starts. During the cold start, HC and CO emissions were 3.3 g and 21.9 g, which are 10 and 6 times of those in the first hot start, and 31 and 12 times of those in the sencond hot start, respectively. The influence of start conditions is not so significant on NOx emission, which is affected more by driving behavior.
     
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    Driving control method of piezo actuator diesel fuel injector
    CHEN Lin, LI Jianqiu, YANG Fuyuan, OUYANG Minggao
    2010, 1(2):  152-157.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.010
    Abstract ( 2466 )   PDF (2438KB) ( 2072 )  
    Precisely controlled piezo diesel fuel injector can improve diesel engine performance. By taking energy dissipation, heat sinking and hardware cost into consideration, a driving module using switching voltage amplifier was designed. A static open loop pulse width modulation (PWM) control method was proposed to control the charging/discharging procedure by turning ON/OFF the MOSFET. As the solution of the difficult calibration of control parameters, an online self-tuning method was implemented. The application test was taken on the fuel bench. Control parameters were estimated through simulation and subsequently tuned online. The results show that the module assures fast response of the injector and stable injection quality, so meets the working requirement of the diesel engine.
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    Dynamic modeling and simulation analysis of an electric vehicle with two rear hub-motors
    CHEN Yong, LU Zhongkui, ZHOU Qiuli
    2010, 1(2):  158-162.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.011
    Abstract ( 2288 )   PDF (2235KB) ( 3039 )  
    Abstract: An 11 degree-of-freedom dynamic model was constructed for an electric vehicle driven with two rear hub-motors to analyze the influence on ride quality and the handling characteristics of unsprung mass increase. A full vehicle simulation model was developed using the MATLAB/Simulink with a simulated road model as input. The simulation model can realize the varies simulations with different vehicle parameters, control strategies and analyzing goals, while it can also determine the changes of dynamic load on tires, suspension deflection and attitude (including pitch, roll and yaw). The above analyzed conclusions can enhance the development of electric vehicle driven by hub-motors, while they support the design of suspension and control strategies. 
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    Network system design and application based on the CAN bus for the Chang’an hybrid vehicle
    LI Zonghua, GUAN Jing, SU Ling, REN Yong
    2010, 1(2):  163-166.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.02.012
    Abstract ( 1916 )   PDF (1965KB) ( 3000 )  
    Chang’an hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) with integrated starter and generator (ISG) is an industrialized vehicle with more control units, more information transferred among controllers and more safety and reliability than that of conventional one. A network system of hybrid vehicle was designed to meet the requirements of calibration and diagnosis. The network system contains the functions of communication, calibration and diagnosis function based on the controller area network (CAN) bus. The ISO 11898 and CAN 2.0B were used as communication protocols and the CCP (CAN Calibration Protocol) was employed in network calibration. The network system can meet the requirements of the ISO15765 Protocol and has been applied on the develop process and after-sales service for the Chang’an hybrid electric vehicle in China.
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