混合动力汽车的道路预见性节能技术及一种测评方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了推动汽车节能国家标准的制定，研究了插电式和非插电式的混合动力汽车的道路预见性节能技术，并提出了一种测试评价方法。提出了用于道路预见性技术使用的地图数据信息及其标准化；采用全局动态规划算法，得到荷电状态（SOC）参考曲线；基于比例积分（PI）控制，实现参考SOC的跟踪控制；基于仿真结果分析初始SOC（20%~30%）、测试工况和测试里程等影响因素，提出转鼓实验法，实现标准化测试评价。对某车辆的转鼓测试的节能效果进行评价。结果表明：该车辆的转鼓测试，节能3.97%，SOC变化趋势符合预期。从而，证明了转鼓测试评价方法的可行性。

关键词: 混合动力汽车, 汽车道路预见性节能技术, 能量管理, 转鼓测试, 评价方法

Abstract:

A standardized test-evaluation method was proposed for the hybrid electric vehicles with or without “plug-in” to investigate the predictive energy saving technologies for the national standards pre-research for automobile energy saving. By integrating map traffic information into road foresight technology, a set of critical data fields required for predictive energy saving was identified as well as the necessity of standardization was emphasized. The energy-saving mechanism was improved through dynamic optimization: the state of charge (SOC) reference trajectory was computed using global dynamic programming, and tracking control was achieved via PI control. Simulation analyzed influence of initial SOC (20%~30%) and test conditions on the energy-saving performance. Based on these findings, a dynamometer test method was developed to standardize evaluation processes. An evaluation was conducted on the energy-saving effects of dynamometer tests for a specific vehicle. The results indicate that the dynamometer test on the vehicle achieved a 3.97% energy saving, with the SOC variation trend aligning with theoretical expectations. This demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating energy-saving performance through dynamometer testing methods.

Key words: hybrid electric vehicles, predictive energy saving technology, energy management, dynamometer test, evaluation method

中图分类号:

U461.8

杨建军, 柳东威, 李菁元, 柳邵辉, 张飞龙, 王梦渊. 混合动力汽车的道路预见性节能技术及一种测评方法[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(2): 268-276.

YANG Jianjun, LIU Dongwei, LI Jingyuan, LIU Shaohui, ZHANG Feilong, WANG Mengyuan. Predictive energy-saving technologies of hybrid electric vehicles and an evaluation method[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(2): 268-276.

图/表 14

图1 地图及交通数据信息

车辆状态
车辆当前位置/ m	32，32，128
导航剩余里程/ km	28.91，27.90，25.89
电子地平线状态*	0，1，1
道路特征
第n段路线长度/ m	0，32，64，96，128
第n段拥堵状态**	0，1，2
第n段通行时间/ s	10，20，30
第n段对应的平均车速/ km/h	19.7，27.9，31.2
第n段对应的道路坡度/ %	3.2，5，4

表1 地图与交通流数据数据信息的标准化

图2 基于地图交通信息生成前方行程工况的流程

图3 基于地图API访问的地图数据及车速曲线

整备质量	1.713 t
轮胎半径	0.347 m
滑行阻力因数^*	a = 155.74，b = 1.33，c = 0.039
发动机额定功率	106 kW
发动机最大扭矩	227 Nm
驱动电机峰值功率	135 kW
发电机峰值功率	80 kW
电池容量	31 Ah

表2 P1P3构型的研究车型参数

图4 针对法规测试工况采用DP动态全局规划的电池SOC及发动机运行情况

图5 针对道路实际工况采用DP动态全局规划的电池SOC及发动机运行情况

图6 不同的PI控制参数跟踪参考SOC曲线的效果

序号	P	I	100 km油耗 / L	SOC / %
序号	P	I	100 km油耗 / L	目标	终点
1	3	0.1	4.3	19.5~20.5	20.7
2	6	0.1	4.2	19.5~20.5	20.1
3	3	0.2	4.3	19.5~20.5	20.3

表3 不同PI控制参数下的100 km油耗

图7 不同初始SOC下的参考SOC轨迹

图8 不同导航行程工况曲线下的参考SOC轨迹

图9 基于转鼓台架的节能效果测试方法

图10 转鼓测试工况曲线

图11 转鼓测试中的SOC变化趋势对比

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