不同坐姿乘员在自动驾驶汽车碰撞中的损伤仿真实验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同坐姿乘员在自动驾驶汽车中的碰撞安全性，筛选了7种具有代表性的乘员姿态（包括头部、上肢和躯干的变化）进行正面碰撞的仿真实验，对其乘员运动学和所受载荷进行了对比分析，研究其姿态对乘员碰撞损伤的影响。结果表明：在正面碰撞仿真实验中，倚靠姿态乘员的综合损伤风险与其他姿态相比更高，较交谈姿态，倚靠姿态乘员胸部压缩量增大了45.5%，肋骨骨折严重，内脏器官应变提高了48.8%，左倾姿态乘员损伤风险则明显降低，其头部损伤风险减少了49.1%，胸部损伤降低了14.4%。基于此，提出乘员在碰撞前可通过调整自身姿态来规避部分损伤的策略，以提高乘员在自动驾驶汽车中的碰撞安全性。

关键词: 自动驾驶汽车, 正面碰撞, 仿真实验, 乘员损伤风险, 乘员非标坐姿

Abstract:

Frontal crash simulation experiments were made with a comparative analysis of the kinematics and loads of its occupants, to investigate the crash safety of occupants in autonomous vehicles with different sitting positions such as representative occupant attitudes (including variations in head, upper limbs and torso). The results show that in the frontal collision simulation experiment, the comprehensive injury risk of leaning passengers is higher than that of other postures. Compared to the conversational posture, the leaning posture resulted in a 45.5% increase in chest compression, more rib fractures, and a 48.8% increase in visceral organ strain. The left leaning posture significantly reduces the risk of injury, with a 49.1% decrease in head injury risk and a 14.4% decrease in chest injury risk. Therefore, the occupant injury can be reduced by adjusting the occupant posture before the vehicle collision, so as to improve the collision safety of autonomous vehicle.

Key words: autonomous vehicles, frontal collision, simulation experiments, passenger injury risk, passenger non-standard sitting posture

中图分类号:

U471.3

武和全, 李羿辉, 刘瑾, 张申奥. 不同坐姿乘员在自动驾驶汽车碰撞中的损伤仿真实验[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(4): 484-491.

WU Hequan, LI Yihui, LIU Jin, ZHANG Shenao. Simulation experiments for the passenger injuries with different sitting positions in autonomous vehicle collisions[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(4): 484-491.

图/表 13

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姿态	HIC₁₅	P_head(AIS3+) / %	头部3 ms加速度 / g	BrIC
交谈	296.2	4.91	49.1	0.904
自然	283.1	4.55	45.1	0.905
倚靠	317.8	5.54	69.5	0.714
娱乐	281.6	4.51	46.6	0.887
通讯	330.6	5.92	54.8	0.949
左倾	196.2	2.46	31.8	0.627
右倾	231.9	3.26	40.9	0.649

姿态	HIC₁₅	P_head(AIS3+) / %	头部3 ms加速度 / g	BrIC
交谈	296.2	4.91	49.1	0.904
自然	283.1	4.55	45.1	0.905
倚靠	317.8	5.54	69.5	0.714
娱乐	281.6	4.51	46.6	0.887
通讯	330.6	5.92	54.8	0.949
左倾	196.2	2.46	31.8	0.627
右倾	231.9	3.26	40.9	0.649

颈部韧带	损伤应变阈值	颈部韧带损伤应变
颈部韧带	损伤应变阈值	交谈姿态	自然姿态	倚靠姿态	娱乐姿态	通讯姿态	左倾姿态	右倾姿态
前纵向韧带，ALL	0.350	0.268	0.227	1.915	0.780	0.295	0.140	0.181
后纵向韧带，PLL	0.340	0.442	0.402	0.665	0.721	0.443	0.565	0.423
关节囊韧带，CL	1.480	1.100	1.100	2.519	1.508	0.106	1.871	0.902
黄韧带，LF	0.880	0.266	0.231	1.050	0.231	0.229	0.426	0.322
棘突间韧带，ISL	0.680	1.425	1.696	3.657	1.276	1.630	1.600	1.293

颈部韧带	损伤应变阈值	颈部韧带损伤应变
颈部韧带	损伤应变阈值	交谈姿态	自然姿态	倚靠姿态	娱乐姿态	通讯姿态	左倾姿态	右倾姿态
前纵向韧带，ALL	0.350	0.268	0.227	1.915	0.780	0.295	0.140	0.181
后纵向韧带，PLL	0.340	0.442	0.402	0.665	0.721	0.443	0.565	0.423
关节囊韧带，CL	1.480	1.100	1.100	2.519	1.508	0.106	1.871	0.902
黄韧带，LF	0.880	0.266	0.231	1.050	0.231	0.229	0.426	0.322
棘突间韧带，ISL	0.680	1.425	1.696	3.657	1.276	1.630	1.600	1.293

胸部损伤指标		胸部损伤应变
胸部损伤指标		交谈姿态	自然姿态	倚靠姿态	娱乐姿态	通讯姿态	左倾姿态	右倾姿态
胸部变形量/mm	上侧	-2.32	2.38	-9.05	1.35	-2.44	-4.20	-2.00
	下侧	18.98	16.70	-8.85	17.00	16.90	16.50	14.10
	左上侧	-13.50	-13.90	-12.7	-15.50	-13.90	-11.90	-27.30
	右上侧	13.00	-11.70	-18.00	-11.50	-12.50	-18.00	-9.88
	左下侧	23.60	27.10	27.40	21.70	28.50	20.00	18.10
	右下侧	-23.90	-26.20	-17.90	-28.90	-31.00	13.10	-40.80
胸部VC值		1.18	1.01	0.95	1.21	1.23	1.01	1.05
胸部压缩量/mm		-18.00	-20.40	-26.20	-19.10	-21.90	-16.10	-25.70