风雨耦合环境下驾驶队列的气动特性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究风雨环境下驾驶队列的气动载荷特性和流场特性，该文基于Euler-Lagrange法，考虑雨滴和气流的相互作用，建立风雨耦合环境下的驾驶队列模型，并对比试验数据验证模型的准确性，进而研究降雨量、侧向风风速、车辆间距对队列中车辆的气动载荷特性和流场特性的影响。研究表明：随着降雨量和侧向风风速的增大，驾驶队列中车辆受到的力和力矩不断增大，当降雨量为50~250 mm/h时，队列中第1辆车阻力从27.21 N增大到28.49 N；当侧向风为4.4~15.5 m/s时，第1辆车的侧向力从101 N增大到554.3 N。随着队列间距的增大，队列中车辆受到的气动阻力先增大后减小，侧向力和侧倾力矩不断增大，横摆力矩不断减小；当队列间距为0.25~0.75倍时，尾车（第5辆车）的侧向力从137.6 N增大到174.74 N，横摆力矩从39.29 Nm降低到12.47 Nm。

关键词: 气动载荷特性, 风雨耦合, 驾驶队列, 侧向风风速, 降雨量

Abstract:

In order to explore the aerodynamic load characteristics and flow field characteristics of the driving queue under wind and rain environment, this paper established a driving queue model under wind and rain coupling environment based on Euler-Lagrange method, considering the interaction between raindrops and air flow, and verified the accuracy of the model by comparing the test data. Then the effects of rainfall, lateral wind speed and vehicle spacing on the aerodynamic load characteristics and flow field characteristics of vehicles in the queue were studied. The results show that the force and torque on vehicles in the driving queue increase continuously with the increase of rainfall and lateral wind speed. When the rainfall is 50~250 mm/h, the resistance of the first vehicle in the queue increases from 27.21 to 28.49 N. When the lateral wind is 4.4~15.5 m/s, the lateral force of the first vehicle increases from 101 to 554.3 N. With the increase of queue spacing, the aerodynamic resistance of vehicles increases at first and then decreases, the lateral force and roll moment increase continuously, and the yaw moment decreases continuously. When the queue spacing is 0.25 to 0.75 times, the lateral force of the tail car (the fifth car) increases from 137.6 to 174.74 N, and the yaw moment decreases from 39.29 to 12.47 Nm.

Key words: aerodynamic load characteristic, wind and rain coupling, driving platooning, lateral wind speed, rainfall

中图分类号:

U461.1

许建民, 杨炜, 龚晓岩, 武颂, 李洛楠. 风雨耦合环境下驾驶队列的气动特性研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(4): 492-502.

XU Jianmin, YANG Wei, GONG Xiaoyan, WU Song, LI Luonan. Research on aerodynamic characteristics of driving platooning in wind and rain coupled environment[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(4): 492-502.

图/表 16

图1 GTS模型

图2 队列车辆模型计算域

图3 队列车辆的非结构网格示意图

	阻力因数	误差/ %
实验	0.508
220W网格	0.462	9.05
271W网格	0.4607	9.31
325W网格	0.4605	9.35

表1 网格无关性验证

图4 雨滴轨迹图

图5 干燥与降雨环境下第1辆车压力云图

图6 风雨耦合环境下不同降雨量时第1辆车迎风面的压力云图

图7 风雨耦合环境下不同降雨量时队列中车辆气动力曲线

图8 风雨耦合环境下不同降雨量队列中车辆气动力矩曲线

图9 风雨耦合环境下不同侧向风风速时队列中第1辆车中间位置横截面速度云图

图10 风雨耦合环境下不同侧向风风速队列中车辆气动力曲线

图11 风雨耦合环境下不同侧向风风速队列中车辆气动力矩曲线

图12 风雨耦合环境下不同队列间距车辆纵向平面压力云图

图13 风雨耦合环境下不同队列间距中车辆气动力曲线

图14 风雨耦合环境下不同队列间距中车辆气动力矩曲线

队伍间距/倍	F_re/ N	F_lift/ N	F_side/ N	M_dir/ Nm	M_trans/ Nm	M_side/ Nm
0.25	29.46	107.18	137.61	42.67	39.29	-12.88
0.50	33.26	122.32	157.91	42.98	23.77	-15.69
0.75	31.41	121.34	174.74	41.25	12.47	-17.10
最大变化量	3.8	15.14	37.13	1.73	26.82	-4.22

表2 队列间距对第5辆车力与力矩的影响

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