Experimental study on a wide-temperature-range lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on thermoelectric devices-coupled forced air-cooled

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Conventional air cooling has limited heat dissipation capacity in hot summer environments and struggles to meet the heating needs of batteries in cold winter conditions. To address this issue, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) coupled with circulating air flow and thermoelectric devices (TEDs) was proposed. The circulating air flow inside the battery pack facilitated heat exchange between the batteries and the TEDs, and reversing the current direction of the TEDs enables flexible switching between heating and cooling modes. An experimental test bench was established to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, TED operating voltage, and battery discharge conditions on the thermal management performance. The results show that at an ambient temperature of -20 ℃, when heating the battery pack to 15 ℃ with a TED voltage of 6 V, the average temperature rise rate is 1.41 ℃ / min and the maximum temperature difference is 4.5 ℃. During 3 C-rate discharge at 40 ℃, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery pack are 45 ℃ and 4.3 ℃, respectively, representing reductions of 25% and 39.44% compared with the case without TED cooling (60 ℃ and 7.1 ℃, respectively). This study provides a feasible technical solution and experimental basis for battery thermal management over a wide temperature range.

Key words: thermoelectric devices (TEDs), battery thermal management system (BTMS), lithium-ion battery, circulating airflow, wide-temperature-range thermal control

CLC Number:

TM912

LIN Mingtong, WANG Qi, LIU Qiang, LIN Shanshan, ZHAO Yujie, YU Yang. Experimental study on a wide-temperature-range lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on thermoelectric devices-coupled forced air-cooled[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(4): 485-493.

Figures/Tables 12

References 24

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采样点	RSD(T_max) / %	占比/ %
365	0~0.3	13.16
555	0.3~0.6	20.01
504	0.6~0.9	18.18
557	0.9~1.2	20.09
545	1.2~1.5	19.65
247	1.5~1.8	8.91

采样点	RSD(T_max) / %	占比/ %
365	0~0.3	13.16
555	0.3~0.6	20.01
504	0.6~0.9	18.18
557	0.9~1.2	20.09
545	1.2~1.5	19.65
247	1.5~1.8	8.91

采样点	SD (∆T) / ℃	占比/ %
317	0~0.05	11.43
1 565	0.05~0.1	56.44
614	0.1~0.15	22.14
253	0.15~0.2	9.12
22	0.2~0.25	0.79
2	0.25~0.3	0.07

采样点	SD (∆T) / ℃	占比/ %
317	0~0.05	11.43
1 565	0.05~0.1	56.44
614	0.1~0.15	22.14
253	0.15~0.2	9.12
22	0.2~0.25	0.79
2	0.25~0.3	0.07

电压 V	加热时间 s	TEDs能耗 J	温升速率 (℃∙min^-1)	∆T ℃	η_heat %
5	2 995	58 344	0.70	3.6	15.01
6	1 491	41 825	1.41	4.5	10.76
7	1 056	40 320	1.99	5.6	10.37
8	811	40 445	2.59	6.8	10.40
10	555	43 247	3.78	9.3	11.12
12	421	47 239	4.99	11.2	12.15