Research on thermal spread laws of lithium-ion batteries in enclosed spaces

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Using the high-energy-density ternary lithium-ion battery model LGMJ1 as the subject of investigation, the research integrated experimental data with chemical reaction kinetic modeling to conduct coupled one-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the propagation characteristics of thermal runaway in confined environments and evaluate protective strategies for lithium-ion batteries. The impact of three key parameters—the pressure-relief vent area, the air convective heat transfer coefficient, and the thermal insulation layer properties—on thermal propagation within a battery module was investigated, based on a coupled thermal-gas dynamics model developed using Amesim and STAR-CCM+. The results show that the arrangement of battery modules has a significant impact on battery thermal propagation. The fewer adjacent contact batteries with the triggering cells, the easier it is to trigger battery thermal propagation. Coordinated optimization of the vent area and convective cooling conditions can achieve efficient suppression of the thermal propagation process. Among the insulation materials, ceramic aerogel has the best performance and can effectively inhibit the propagation of thermal runaway.

Key words: ternary lithium battery, enclosed environment, thermal-gas coupling, thermal runaway propagation, insulation, needle acupuncture

CLC Number:

TM911

FENG Xupeng, LI Chengbing, LI Rui, XIAO Ke, PENG Junheng, WU Sixiang, LIU Bohao. Research on thermal spread laws of lithium-ion batteries in enclosed spaces[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(1): 104-113.

Figures/Tables 14

References 28

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序号	总能量/kJ	电芯能量/kJ	正极能量/kJ	负极能量/kJ	测试前质量/g	测试后质量/g
1	86.746 3	27.372 4	45.007 2	14.366 8	47	20.2
2	84.905 6	17.302 2	67.063 7	0.539 8	47	17.3
3	100.375 0	17.438 2	81.611 5	1.325 1	47	13.9
4	87.479 7	12.539 3	64.954 0	9.986 5	47	11.3
5	69.409 0	15.517 8	36.371 8	17.519 4	47	15.2

序号	总能量/kJ	电芯能量/kJ	正极能量/kJ	负极能量/kJ	测试前质量/g	测试后质量/g
1	86.746 3	27.372 4	45.007 2	14.366 8	47	20.2
2	84.905 6	17.302 2	67.063 7	0.539 8	47	17.3
3	100.375 0	17.438 2	81.611 5	1.325 1	47	13.9
4	87.479 7	12.539 3	64.954 0	9.986 5	47	11.3
5	69.409 0	15.517 8	36.371 8	17.519 4	47	15.2

符号	数值	参考文献	符号	数值	参考文献
H_SEI	287 kJ/kg	[16-17]	H_pe	3 766 kJ/kg	[19-20]
A_SEI	1.867×10¹⁵s^-1	[18]	A_pe	9.8×10⁹s^-1	[21]
E_a,SEI	2.361×10^-19J	[19]	E_a,pe	1.75×10^-19J	[21]
m_SEI	1	[18]	m_pe	1	[16]
C_SEI	0.15	[18]	C_pe	0.04	[16]
H_ne	193.4 kJ/kg	[18]	H_e	122.500 kJ/kg	[17]
A_ne	2.7×10¹³s^-1	[18]	A_e	5.47×10²⁵s^-1	[17]
E_a,ne	2.361×10^-19J	[18]	E_a,e	4.48×10^-19J	[17]
m_ne	1	[18]	m_e	1	[22]
C_ne	0.811	[18]	C_e	1	[22]

符号	数值	参考文献	符号	数值	参考文献
H_SEI	287 kJ/kg	[16-17]	H_pe	3 766 kJ/kg	[19-20]
A_SEI	1.867×10¹⁵s^-1	[18]	A_pe	9.8×10⁹s^-1	[21]
E_a,SEI	2.361×10^-19J	[19]	E_a,pe	1.75×10^-19J	[21]
m_SEI	1	[18]	m_pe	1	[16]
C_SEI	0.15	[18]	C_pe	0.04	[16]
H_ne	193.4 kJ/kg	[18]	H_e	122.500 kJ/kg	[17]
A_ne	2.7×10¹³s^-1	[18]	A_e	5.47×10²⁵s^-1	[17]
E_a,ne	2.361×10^-19J	[18]	E_a,e	4.48×10^-19J	[17]
m_ne	1	[18]	m_e	1	[22]
C_ne	0.811	[18]	C_e	1	[22]

排布方式	类型	触发电芯位置	相邻电芯数目
并列排布	A-2	Bat1-1、Bat1-3、Bat2-1、Bat2-3	2
并列排布	A-3	Bat1-2、Bat2-2	3
交错排布	B-2	Bat2-1、Bat1-3	2
	B-3	Bat1-1、Bat2-3	3
	B-4	Bat1-2、Bat2-2	4