In-situ experimental characterization for the thermal properties of cylindrical lithium-ion power batteries

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.01.010

Abstract

Abstract:

A theoretical model and an in-situ method were proposed for measuring the thermophysical properties of batteries with considering heat loss factors to investigate the radial thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of type 21700 and type 18650 in the temperature range of -20~60 °C to simulate the operating conditions from extreme cold to high temperature. The results show that both the radial thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity increase with increasing temperature, with thermal conductivity increasing by 7.6% and specific heat capacity by 23%. The battery steel casing enhances the heat dissipation and the temperature uniformity, having a greater impact on the specific heat capacity than the impact on the thermal conductivity. The measuring accuracy for radial thermal conductivity reaches 95.2% with accounting for heat loss, and the accuracy for specific heat capacity reaches 98.7%, both are higher than the maximum accuracy of 93.8% which obtained without considering heat loss.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermophysical properties, heat loss, in-situ method

CLC Number:

TM461.8

ZHANG Xiaojun, WANG Jie, SHENG Lei, ZHANG Huanjvan, SHI Junming, WANG Qian. In-situ experimental characterization for the thermal properties of cylindrical lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(1): 96-103.

Figures/Tables 11

References 20

[1]	谢元鹏, 张甫仁, 谭海坤, 等. 锂离子电池新型分支通道翅片液体冷却板的设计优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(3): 443-451.
	XIE Yuanpeng, ZHANG Furen, TAN Haikun, et al. Design optimization of a novel branched-channel fin liquid cooling plate for lithium-ion batteries[J]. *J Autom Safe Energ*, 2025, 16(3): 443-451. (in Chinese)
[2]	李龙辉, 张甫仁, 黄郅凯, 等. 水轮型翅片组耦合均温板的多目标及拓扑优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 15(2): 208-217.
	LI Longhui, ZHANG Furen, HUANG Zhikai, et al. Multi-objective and topological optimization of hydro-wheel fins coupled vapor chambers[J]. *J Autom Safe Energ*, 2024, 15(2): 208-217. (in Chinese)
[3]	张新宇, 罗声豪, 吴颖欣, 等. 复合相变材料用于锂离子电池热管理和热失控防护研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1040-1053. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0137
	ZAHNG Xinyu, LUO Shenghao, WU Yingxin, et al. Research progress of composite phase change materials for thermal management and thermal runaway protection of lithium -ion batteries[J]. *Energ Stor Sci Tech*, 2025, 14(3): 1040-1053. (in Chinese)
[4]	刘邦金, 汪林威, 吴月月, 等. 锂离子电池热管理研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(12): 4413-4431. doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240376
	LIU Bangjin, WANG Linwei, WU Yueyue, et al. Advances in thermal management of lithium-ion batteries[J]. *CIESC J*, 2024, 75(12): 4413-4431. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240376
[5]	王瑜, 潘逸, 卫青青, 等. 锂电池过充电测试深探究[J]. 电源技术, 2023, 47(2): 172-175. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2023.02.010
	WANG Yu, PAN Yi, WEI Qingqing, et al. In-depth exploration of lithium battery overcharge test[J]. *Chin J Power Sour*, 2023, 47(2): 172-175. (in Chinese)
[6]	Villano P, Carewska M, Passerini S. Specific heat capacity of lithium polymer battery components[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2003, 402(1): 219-224. doi: 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00612-3 URL
[7]	李伟卓, 包志铭, 高清臣, 等. 基于显式格式的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合模型[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(5): 1624-1633.
	LI Weizhuo, BAO Zhiming, GAO Qingchen, et al. An electrochemical-thermal coupling model for lithium ion batteries based on explicit scheme[J]. *J Engi Therm*, 2025, 46(5): 1624-1633. (in Chinese)
[8]	刘瑞昊, 马小乐, 张宇萱, 等. 基于绝热量热仪的锂离子电池热物性参数测试影响因素的研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1596-1602. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0979
	LIU Ruihao, MA Xiaole, ZHANG Yunzhu, et al. Influencing factors of thermal property parameter testing of lithium-ion batteries based on accelerating rate calorimeters[J]. *Energ Stor Sci Tech*, 2025, 14(4): 1596-1602. (in Chinese)
[9]	WU Qichao, HUANG Rui, YU Xiaoli. Measurement of thermophysical parameters and thermal modeling of 21700 cylindrical battery[J]. *J Energ Stor*, 2023. 65: 107338.
[10]	SONG Yankong, YANG Dazhi, LIU Bai, et al. Thermophysical parameter identification for prismatic lithium-ion batteries through thermal excitation and response analysis[J]. *J Power Sour, 2025, 127*: 116917.
[11]	Drake S, Wetz D, Osanek J, et al. Measurement of anisotropic thermophysical properties of cylindrical Li-ion cells[J]. *J Power Sour, 2014, 252*(252): 298-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.107 URL
[12]	SHENG Lei, ZHANG Chunfeng, WANG Liyang, et al. Experimental-numerical studies on thermal conductivity anisotropy of lithium-ion batteries[J]. *J Energ Stor, 2024, 103*: 114139.
[13]	Alanazi M. Experimental estimation of core temperature and directional thermophysical properties for cylindrical lithium-ion battery utilizing an innovative thermal interrogation method[J]. *Int’l Commu Heat Mass Trans: Part A, 2025, 164*: 108827.
[14]	LIU Ruitong, ZHANG Hengyun, LIU Jinqi, et al. In-situ measurement of the thermophysical properties of cylindrical batteries under calibrated iso-flux condition[J]. *J Power Sour, 2025, 635*: 236527. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236527 URL
[15]	SHI Jinghe, ZHANG Hengyun, YU Hong, et al. Experi-mental determinations of thermophysical parameters for lithium-ion batteries: A systematic review[J]. *eTransp*, 2024, 20: 100321. doi: 10.1016/j.etran.2024.100321 URL
[16]	Spinner N, Mazurick R, Brandon A, et al. Numerical and experimental determination of thermophysical properties of commercial 18650 LiCoO₂ lithium-ion battery[J]. *J Elec-Chem Soc, 2015, 162*(14): A2789-A2795.
[17]	Bazinski S, WANG Xia. Experimental study on the influence of temperature and state-of-charge on the thermophysical properties of an LFP pouch cell[J]. *J Power Sour, 2015, 293*: 283-291. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.084 URL
[18]	崔喜风, 张红亮, 龚阳, 等. 方形硬壳锂离子动力电池的热物性参数[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2019, 12: 2747-2756.
	CUI Xifeng, ZHANG Hongliang, GONG Yang, et al. Thermal properties parameters of square hard shell lithium-ion power batteries[J]. *Chin J Nonfer Meta*, 2019, 12: 2747-2756. (in Chinese)
[19]	Marconnet A, Herberger S, Paarmann S, et al. Impact of aging on the thermophysical properties of lithium-ion battery electrodes[J]. *J Power Sour, 2024, 603*: 234367. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234367 URL
[20]	SHENG Lei, LAN Huaiyu, TAO Bojun, et al. Experiments on liquid-immersed thermal runaway management for large energy-stored lithium-ion battery modules[J]. *Therm Sci Engi Prog*, 2025, 68: 104347.

有无热损标定的热参数	λ / [W·(m·K)^-1]		c_p / [J·(kg·K)]^-1
有无热损标定的热参数	有	无	有	无
实际数值	1.38	1.38	745	745
测试结果	1.45	1.49	735.2	790.9
精度/ %	95.2	98.7	92.0	93.8

有无热损标定的热参数	λ / [W·(m·K)^-1]		c_p / [J·(kg·K)]^-1
有无热损标定的热参数	有	无	有	无
实际数值	1.38	1.38	745	745
测试结果	1.45	1.49	735.2	790.9
精度/ %	95.2	98.7	92.0	93.8

稳压电源精度	10 mV，1 mA
数据采集仪	0.3%
热电偶(国家Ⅰ级精度)	±0.4%
电热膜(额定输出功率)	0.5%
电热膜(额定输出功率差值)	0.8%

稳压电源精度	10 mV，1 mA
数据采集仪	0.3%
热电偶(国家Ⅰ级精度)	±0.4%
电热膜(额定输出功率)	0.5%
电热膜(额定输出功率差值)	0.8%