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汽车安全与节能学报

JASE ›› 2016, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (02): 123-134.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2016.02.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

柴油机使用生物柴油的研究现状和展望

楼狄明，谭丕强   

  1. 同济大学 汽车学院，上海201804，中国
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-06 出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2016-07-06
  • 作者简介:楼狄明（1963 －），男（汉），浙江，教授。E-mail: loudiming@tongji.edu.cn 谭丕强（1974 －），男（汉），山东，教授。E-mail: tpq2000@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(50906062) ；国家“八六三”高技术计划项目(2012AA111720)

Present and future of studies for diesel engines using biodiesel fuel

LOU Diming, TAN Piqiang   

  1. School of Automobile, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  • Received:2016-06-06 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-07-06

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摘要：

通过动植物油脂等原料制备的生物柴油，是一种理想的柴油替代燃料。生物柴油的高十六烷值、自含氧、高运动黏度、热值略低、几乎不含芳香烃和硫元素，是其喷油特性、燃烧特性、动力性能与经济性能、排放特性不同于石化柴油的根本原因。在不改变发动机的条件下，与石化柴油相比，生物柴油的喷油时刻略有提前，喷雾贯穿距增大，喷雾锥角有所减小，滞燃期缩短；燃用生物柴油及其混合燃料的一氧化碳(CO)、未燃碳氢(HC)、排气烟度、颗粒物（particulate matter，PM）质量均降低，并且随着生物柴油混合比例的上升，降幅均增大。而氮氧化物(NOx) 排放和醛酮类排放略有上升，核态颗粒排放的数量浓度也有所上升。适合于生物柴油的高压共轨燃油系统以及排气后处理技术，是未来生物柴油研究的重要方向。

关键词: 柴油机, 生物柴油, 燃油喷射, 燃烧, 排放

Abstract:

Biodiesel, which commonly refers to fat acid methyl esters made from vegetable oils or animal fats, is a kind of ideal alternative fuel for diesel engines. Compared to pure petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel has higher cetane number, including oxygen, higher viscosity, lower heating value, almost no aromatic hydrocarbon and sulfur. This leads to different fuel injection and spray properties, combustion characteristic, power and fuel consumption, exhaust emissions from petroleum diesel fuel. Compared to pure petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel has earlier fuel injection timing, longer spray penetration and smaller spray angle, and shorter ignition delay. Diesel engines have lower mass of CO, HC, smoke, and particulate matter (PM) emissions when using biodiesel, and the reduction percentages are proportional to blend ratios of biodiesel fuel. But NOx , aldehyde and ketones emission have slightly increase, as well as number concentration of nucleation mode particles. High pressure common rail fuel injection system and exhaust gas after-treatment technology for biodiesel are important directions in future.

Key words: diesel engine, biodiesel, fuel injection, combustion, emission