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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 521-535.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.05.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

甲醇燃料的应用现状及其展望

姚春德1(), 姚安仁2,*()   

  1. 1.天津大学，内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室，天津 300354，中国
    2.天津大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300072，中国
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11 修回日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2023-10-31 发布日期:2023-10-31
  • 通讯作者: *姚安仁，工学博士。E-mail：rand001450@tju.edu.cn。
    姚安仁 博士,天津大学环境科学与工程学院专职科研人员。长期从事金属材料学、甲醇燃料在压燃式内燃机上应用的基础理论与应用研究，将甲醇应用到各类压燃式动力上具有丰富的经验。2015年获得中国机械工业联合会科技发明一等奖，2017年获得中国教育部技术发明二等奖。
  • 作者简介:姚春德 教授,天津大学教授，现任工信部甲醇汽车推广应用专家委员会副主任。长期从事内燃机燃烧学、内燃机替代燃料及其排放的基础理论与应用研究，在甲醇燃料的着火和燃烧及其应用、爆震燃烧发生机理及其控制等领域具有深厚的研究基础和造诣。2015年获得中国机械工业联合会科技发明一等奖，2017年获得教育部技术发明二等奖。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点课题(51336005)

Review on methanol as fuel for engines and its future prospect

YAO Chunde1(), YAO Anren2,*()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
  • Received:2023-09-11 Revised:2023-09-19 Online:2023-10-31 Published:2023-10-31
  • Contact: *Dr. YAO Anren,A dedicated researcher in the School of Environmental Science and Engineering in Tianjin University. His study focuses on the metallic material and methanol practical application and the theories to internal combustion engines. He has plentiful experiences on making methanol fuel to be applied to various types of compression ignition engines. He has honored with the First-Rate Award from China Machinery Industry Federation in 2015 and the Second-Rate Award from China Ministry of Education in 2017.
  • About author:Prof. YAO Chunde,A professor in Tianjin University, the vice director of Experts Committee for Methanol Application and Promotion of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). He focuses his study on the working process of internal combustion engines and its alternative fuel as well as exhaust emission control, especially in methanol mixture ignition and burning, knocking combustion and control. He has honored with the First-Rate Award from China Machinery Industry Federation in 2015 and the Second-Rate Award from China Ministry of Education in 2017.

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摘要：

甲醇的物性与汽油、柴油相近，常温、常压下是液体，生产资料丰富，方便储存、运输和加注。绿色甲醇已经被国际航运界公认为低碳和碳中和的燃料，在船舶动力上应用日益增长。中国是具有全球最大甲醇产能以及最大产量的国家，产能和产量都占全球近60%。甲醇生产不仅可用煤炭和天然气做原料，更具有用可再生电力制氢，然后与二氧化碳合成绿色甲醇的能力。中国对甲醇用作替代石油燃料的研发工作由来已久，不仅在工农业领域得到大量应用，而且也大量应用在交通运输领域。自20世纪70年代以来开展的甲醇在内燃机上替代汽油、柴油研究，目前已经在应用技术上取得根本突破。不仅在乘用车、商用车得到规模应用，也在工程机械、内燃机车和中高速船舶动力应用上取得突破，实现甲醇应用技术完全独立自主。该综述简要介绍甲醇的生产、对甲醇毒性的认识、绿色甲醇的发展、甲醇在工农业和交通领域方面的应用概况，重点介绍在车辆、船舶、内燃机车、发电机组的汽油机和柴油机上应用甲醇的技术特点，指出其发展存在问题并展望甲醇应用的未来。

关键词: 甲醇, 甲醇燃料, 甲醇热力燃烧, 甲醇汽车, 甲醇船舶

Abstract:

Methanol is liquid under ambient temperature and atmosphere, of which is close to gasoline and diesel fuel. It can be produced out by a wide-ranging raw material, such as coal, natural gas, biomass and by carbon dioxide synthetized with hydrogen called the green methanol. The green methanol has been recognized as the fuel with low carbon emission even carbon neutrality, which has been used as marine fuel more and more widely. China is the country with largest productive capacity and production for methanol in global, of which it occupies 60% of global productive capacity and production. China took methanol as fuel to substitute for petroleum oil for many years since 40 years ago. Methanol now has been used as fuel for versatile utility, such as cooking, heat generation for civil and industrial use, furthermore for transportation and constructive machine. The review introduces the methanol production, cognition for methanol toxicity, development of green methanol and practices of methanol in industrial and civil, emphasizes the technical characteristics for utilities in vehicle, marine, locomotive and generation set, and points out the challenges methanol facing with while development as well as its prospect of future development in those fields.

Key words: methanol, methanol fuel, thermal combustion of methanol, methanol vehicles, marine methanol

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