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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1): 18-32.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.01.002

• 综述与展望 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国生物质液体燃料产业发展现状探究

刘洪荣(), 王乐乐, 高建勇()   

  1. 中国产业发展促进会生物质能产业分会，北京 100045，中国
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-03 修回日期:2026-02-13 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 高建勇，工程师。E-mail：gaojianyong@beipa.org.cn。
    新能源高级工程师，现任中国产业发展促进会生物质能产业分会常务副秘书长、中国能源研究会绿色低碳技术专业委员会委员，入选国家能源局可靠性和质监中心专家库，兼任北京松杉低碳技术研究院院长。长期从事生物质能产业政策研究、发展规划、行业标准和技术规范的起草与编制工作。多次参与国家发改委、国家能源局、生态环境部等行业主管部门组织的重大课题研究，主编或参编多项国家和行业标准，中国“零碳能源证书自愿核证体系”（Zero Carbon Energy Certification，ZCEC）的奠基者之一。研究领域为可再生能源非电利用绿色价值实现机制、生物天然气、生物质液体燃料。
  • 作者简介:刘洪荣（1979—），男（汉），山东，高级工程师。E-mail：Liuhrong@beipa.org.cn。

An inquiry into the current development status of China's liquid biofuel industry

LIU Hongrong(), WANG Lele, GAO Jianyong()   

  1. Biomass Energy Industry Promotion Association of the China Association for the Promotion of Industrial Development, Beijing 100045, China
  • Received:2026-02-03 Revised:2026-02-13 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-19
  • Contact: LIU Hongrong, Senior EngineerSenior New Energy Engineer, currently serving as the Executive Deputy Secretary-General of the Biomass Energy Industry Promotion Association of the China Association for the Promotion of Industrial Development, and a member of the Green and Low Carbon Technical Committee of China Energy Research Society. He has been selected for the expert database of the Reliability and Quality Supervision Center of the National Energy Administration and concurrently serves as the President of the Beijing Songshan Low Carbon Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. He has long been engaged in biomass energy industry policy research, development planning, and the drafting and formulation of industry standards and technical specifications. He has frequently participated in major research projects organized by industry authorities such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and has served as the editor-in-chief or a contributor to multiple national and industry standards. He is one of the founders of China's “Zero Carbon Energy Certification(ZCEC)”. His researches include green value realization mechanisms for the non-electric utilization of renewable energy, biogas/biomethane, and liquid biofuels.

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摘要：

在全球应对气候变化与能源转型的宏大背景下，交通运输领域的深度脱碳已成为国际博弈的新焦点。该文立足于“双碳”目标，对生物甲醇、生物航煤（SAF）、生物燃料乙醇及生物柴油4大核心生物质液体燃料产业进行了全景式扫描与深度剖析。
该文首先着眼全球，详细梳理了欧盟、美国及新加坡等先行者的产业格局。通过分析欧盟可再生能源指令（RED Ⅲ）、欧盟排放交易体系（EU ETS），以及美国《通胀削减法案》 的税收抵免机制，揭示了国际市场如何利用“绿色溢价”与强制合规政策成功驱动生物质液体燃料产业商业化闭环。特别指出，国际航空与航运业的强制脱碳进程（如CORSIA机制及IMO净零框架）正在为生物航煤和生物甲醇创造前所未有的市场蓝海。
中国生物质液体燃料产业存在“产能巨大但市场在外”的结构性矛盾。虽然中国在生物燃料乙醇领域保持稳定，且生物航煤产业通过“白名单”机制逐步打通出口路径，并在多地启动加注试点；但生物柴油产业却因欧盟反倾销调查遭受重创，出口量剧减，产能利用率严重不足，暴露出过度依赖外部市场的脆弱性。此外，中国国内市场面临税则编码缺失、原料竞争无序、技术装备国产化率低以及缺乏强制性掺混标准等痛点，导致大量规划产能难以落地转化为实际效益。
面对挑战与机遇，该文最后提出了构建产业“内循环”的战略构想。建议借力国家“能耗双控向碳排放双控转型”的政策，建立全生命周期绿色认证体系，完善财税金融支持，明确生物质原料的能源化利用优先权，并呼吁在航空、航运等重点领域加快推进中国国内强制掺混试点，以彻底打破产业发展瓶颈，实现从“原料输出”向“高价值燃料应用”的战略跃升。

关键词: 生物质液体燃料, 生物甲醇, 生物航煤（SAF）, 生物燃料乙醇, 生物柴油

Abstract:

Against the macro-backdrop of the global response to climate change and energy transition, deep decarbonization in the transportation sector has emerged as a new focal point of international geopolitical competition. Anchored in the “Dual Carbon” goals (carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060), this article presents a systematic review and in-depth analysis of the four key biomass liquid fuel industries: bio-methanol, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), bio-ethanol, and biodiesel.
The article begins with a global perspective, detailing the industrial landscapes of pioneering regions such as the European Union, the United States, and Singapore. By analyzing the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED Ⅲ), the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), and the tax credit mechanisms within the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), it reveals how internationally coordinated “green premium” mechanisms and binding compliance mandates collectively accelerate the commercialization cycle of industrial-scale liquid biofuel. In particular, the article highlights that mandatory decarbonization processes in international aviation and maritime transport—exemplified by the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) mechanism and the International Maritime Organization’s Net-Zero Framework (NZF), which are catalyzing unprecedented demand for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and bio-methanol.
The article then identifies a structural contradiction in China’s biomass liquid fuel industry characterized by “massive capacity with overseas market dependence.” While China maintains stability in the bio-ethanol sector and has gradually opened export channels for the SAF industry through a “whitelist” mechanism—alongside launching refueling pilots in multiple locations—the biodiesel industry has been severely impacted by EU’s anti-dumping investigations, resulting in a sharp decline in export volumes and chronically low plant utilization rates, exposing the vulnerability of over reliance on overseas markets. Furthermore, the domestic market contends with systemic constraints, such as the absence of specific tariff codes (HS codes), disorderly competition for feedstock, low localization of technical equipment, and a lack of mandatory blending standards. These issues prevent massive, planned capacities—such as over 10 million tons of bio-methanol—from materializing into actual economic benefits.
In response to emerging challenges and opportunities, the article proposes a strategic framework for establishing an “internal industrial circulation” system. It suggests leveraging the national policy shift from “dual control of energy consumption” to “dual control of carbon emissions”. The key recommendations include implementing a comprehensive life-cycle green certification system for liquid biofuels; enhancing fiscal and financial incentives to support sustainable development; and explicitly prioritizing biomass feedstocks in national energy allocation strategies. Finally, the article calls for expediting domestic mandatory blending pilot programs in high-impact sectors such as aviation and maritime transport to overcome critical bottlenecks constraining industrial advancement. Collectively, these measures aim to achieve a strategic leap from “raw material export” to “high-value fuel application”.

Key words: liquid biofuel, biomethanol, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), bioethanol, biodiesel

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