车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略的思考

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.001

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2): 91-100.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.001

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车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略的思考

衣宝廉, 侯明

中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连 116023

收稿日期:2011-01-20 出版日期:2011-07-11 发布日期:2011-07-11
作者简介:衣宝廉，中国工程院院士。“十一五”国家“八六三”节能与新能源汽车重大项目总体专家组成员，燃料电池责任专家。中国科学院大连化学物理研究所研究员。七十年代以来长期从事化学能与电能的相互转化研究与工程开发，是我国燃料电池技术学术带头人之一。先后荣获国家省部级奖励6项，申请专利150余件，发表论文310余篇，培养了50多名研究生，著有《燃料电池原理、技术与应用》等专著。
基金资助:
国家自然基金重点项目(20636060)

Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications

YI Bao-Lian, HOU Ming

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China

Received:2011-01-20 Online:2011-07-11 Published:2011-07-11
About author:YI Baolian，Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering. Professor of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Fuel cell chief expert, “Economic & New Energy Vehicles” of national “863” key program. Prof. Baolian Yi has being engaged in the conversion of chemical energy and electricity since 1970s. He is considered as one of the academic leaders of fuel cell technologies in China. He has been awarded 6 government prizes，applied 150 patents, published 310 papers, as well as tutored more than 50 Ph. D. and master students. He published some scientific books including “Fuel Cell Principles, Technologies and Applications”.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车用燃料电池的耐久性是制约其商业化的技术挑战之一。该文从车用燃料电池材料与系统两方面论述了其衰减
机理与解决对策。系统方面主要分析了动态工况、启/ 停、低载怠速等过程中发生的反应气饥饿、动态电位循环以及
高电位对燃料电池的影响及解决对策；材料方面阐述了催化剂与载体、质子交换膜、膜电极组件以及双极板在提高
稳定性等方面的研究进展与发展方向。燃料电池的研发要坚持采用材料与系统改进并行的原则，现阶段可在原有材料
基础上利用系统控制策略的改进，提高车用燃料电池系统的使用寿命，但是这在一定程度上会增加系统复杂性；长
远地还要持续进行新材料的研发，最终形成材料创新、系统简化、满足商业化需求的新一代车用燃料电池技术体系，
为燃料电池汽车走向实用提供技术保障。

关键词: 电动汽车, 燃料电池, 耐久性

Abstract: Durability is one of the challenges for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. The mechanisms and solutions
for fuel cell degradation are elucidated from the material and system point of view. In the aspect of fuel cell system, typical
operating processes are analyzed, such as driving cycles, start-stop, low load and idle conditions, in which reactant starvation,
dynamic potential scanning and local high potential have significant impacts on the fuel cell durability. Feasible strategies are also
discussed for mitigating the degradation. The current state and perspective are addressed on the durability of key material in fuel
cells, i.e., catalyst, catalyst support, proton exchange membrane, membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plate. The effective
methods to enhance the fuel cell durability should be based on both the material innovation and system improvement. Currently,
the improvement on system control strategy is a feasible way to prolong fuel cell lifetime although it has been result in a complex
system. Nevertheless, material innovation is a long term task to promote the fuel cell durability. Fuel cells with advanced durable
materials and simply system is a desirable goal for the fuel cell vehicle application.

Key words: electric vehicle, fuel cells, durability

中图分类号:

U 469.72

衣宝廉, 侯明. 车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略的思考[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2011, 2(2): 91-100.

YI Bao-Lian, HOU Ming. Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2011, 2(2): 91-100.

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车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略的思考

Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications

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