汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2): 91-100.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2011.02.001
• • 下一篇
衣宝廉, 侯明
收稿日期:
2011-01-20
出版日期:
2011-07-11
发布日期:
2011-07-11
作者简介:
衣宝廉,中国工程院院士。“十一五”国家“八六三”节能与新能源汽车重大项目总体专家组成员,燃料电池责任专家。中国科学院大连化学物理研究所研究员。七十年代以来长期从事化学能与电能的相互转化研究与工程开发,是我国燃料电池技术学术带头人之一。先后荣获国家省部级奖励6项,申请专利150余件,发表论文310余篇,培养了50多名研究生,著有《燃料电池原理、技术与应用》等专著。
基金资助:
国家自然基金重点项目(20636060)
YI Bao-Lian, HOU Ming
Received:
2011-01-20
Online:
2011-07-11
Published:
2011-07-11
About author:
YI Baolian,Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering. Professor of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Fuel cell chief expert, “Economic & New Energy Vehicles” of national “863” key program. Prof. Baolian Yi has being engaged in the conversion of chemical energy and electricity since 1970s. He is considered as one of the academic leaders of fuel cell technologies in China. He has been awarded 6 government prizes,applied 150 patents, published 310 papers, as well as tutored more than 50 Ph. D. and master students. He published some scientific books including “Fuel Cell Principles, Technologies and Applications”.
摘要: 车用燃料电池的耐久性是制约其商业化的技术挑战之一。该文从车用燃料电池材料与系统两方面论述了其衰减
机理与解决对策。系统方面主要分析了动态工况、启/ 停、低载怠速等过程中发生的反应气饥饿、动态电位循环以及
高电位对燃料电池的影响及解决对策;材料方面阐述了催化剂与载体、质子交换膜、膜电极组件以及双极板在提高
稳定性等方面的研究进展与发展方向。燃料电池的研发要坚持采用材料与系统改进并行的原则,现阶段可在原有材料
基础上利用系统控制策略的改进,提高车用燃料电池系统的使用寿命,但是这在一定程度上会增加系统复杂性;长
远地还要持续进行新材料的研发,最终形成材料创新、系统简化、满足商业化需求的新一代车用燃料电池技术体系,
为燃料电池汽车走向实用提供技术保障。
中图分类号:
衣宝廉, 侯明. 车用燃料电池耐久性解决策略的思考[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2011, 2(2): 91-100.
YI Bao-Lian, HOU Ming. Solutions for the durability of fuel cells in vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2011, 2(2): 91-100.
[1] Thomas C E. Batteries or fuel cells? [EB/OL]. (2009-01-01) . http:// www.cleancaroptions.com/html/batteries_or_fuel_cells_.html. [2] DOE (Department of Energy, USA). Hydrogen and fuel cell activities, progress, and plans:Report to congress [EB/OL]. (2009-01-01). http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/epact_report_sec811.pdf. [3] Peg H. UTC power transit bus fuel cell system sets durability record [EB/OL]. (2010-06-29) . http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fs/com/bin/fs_com_Page/0,11491,0336,00.html.[4] General Motors (GM). General motors announces new fuel cell system [EB/OL]. (2009-09-01) . http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/online/news/articles/2009-09/General-Motors-Announces-New-Fue, [5] Toyota. Toyota outlines cost down to first commerical FCV in 2015 [EB/OL]. (2010-05-01) . http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/online/news/articles/2010-05/Toyota-Outlines-Cost-Down, [6] 侯明, 衣宝廉. 新能源汽车: 电动汽车用燃料电池 [J]. 中国汽车工业年鉴, 2008: 260-263. HOU Ming, YI Baolian. New energy vehicles: fuel cells for electric vehicles [J]. China Automobile Industry Year Book, 2008: 260-263.(in Chinese)[7] Borup R, Meyers J, Pivovar B, et al. Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation [J]. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 3904-3951[8] WU J, YUAN X, Martina J J, et al. A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies [J]. J Power Sources, 2008, 184: 104-119.[9] Perry M L, Darling R M, S. Kandoi, et al. Operating Requirements for Durable Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks [C]// Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability, New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2008: 399-417.[10] 侯明, 俞红梅, 衣宝廉. 车用燃料电池技术的现状与研究热点[J]. 化学进展. 2009, 21: 2319-2332. HOU Ming, YU Hongmei, YI Baolian. The Current Status and Prospective of Vehicular Fuel Cell Technologies [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2009, 21: 2319-2332. (in Chinese)[11] SHEN Qiang, HOU Ming, YAN Xiqiang, et al. The voltage characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under steady and transient states [J]. J Power Sources, 2008, 179: 292-296.[12] LIANG Dong, SHEN Qiang, HOU Ming, et al. Study of the cell reversal process of large area proton exchange membrane fuel cells under fuel starvation [J]. J Power Sources, 2009, 194: 847-853. [13] Perry M L, Patterson T W, Reiser C. System strategies to mitigate carbon corrosion in fuel cells [J]. ECS Trans, 2006, 3: 783-795.[14] TANG H, QI Zhigang, Ramani M, et al. PEM fuel cell cathode carbon corrosion due to the formation of air/fuel boundary at the anode [J]. J Power Sources, 2006, 158: 1306-1312[15] YU P T, GU W, ZHANG J, et al. Carbon-support requirements for highly durable fuel cell operation [C]// Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2008: 29-53.[16] SHEN Qing, HOU Ming, LIANG Dong, et al. Study on the processes of start-up and shutdown in proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. J Power Sources, 2009, 189: 1114-1119. [17] Reiser C A. Homogenous Gas in Shut down Fuel Cells [P]. WO2010056224.[18] Yamamoto S, Sugawara S, Shinohara K. Fuel Cell Stack Durability for Vehicle Application [C]// Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2008: 467-482. [19] Wilson M P, Yadha V, Reiser C A. Low Power Control of Fuel Cell Open Circuit Voltage [P]. WO2010039109. [20] HOU Junbo, YI Baolian, YU Hongmei, et al. Investigation of resided water effects on PEM fuel cell after cold start [J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32: 4503-4509.[21] HOU Junbo, YU Hongmei, YI Baolian, et al. Comparative study of PEM Fuel cell storage at -20℃ after gas purging [J]. Electrochem Solid State Lett, 2007, 10: B11-B17.[22] Knights S D, Colbow K M, Pierre J, et al. Aging mechanisms and lifetime of PEFC and DMFC [J]. J Power Sources, 2004, 127: 127-134. [23] WANG Hongwei, HOU Junbo, YU Hongmei, et al. Effects of reverse voltage and subzero startup on the membrane electrode assembly of a PEMFC [J]. J Power Sources, 2007, 165: 287-292.[24] SUN Shucheng, YU Hongmei, HOU Junbo, et al. Catalytic hydrogen/oxygen reaction assisted the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) start up at subzero temperature [J]. J Power Sources, 2008, 177: 137-141.[25] YAN Q, Toghiani H, Lee Y, et al. Effect of sub-freezing temperatures on a PEM fuel cell performance, startup and fuel cell components [J]. J Power Sources, 2006, 160: 1242-1250. [26] WANG Z L. Transmission electron microscopy of shape-controlled nanocrystals and their assemblies [ J]. J Phys Chem B, 2000, 104: 1153-1175.[27] 孙世国, 徐恒泳, 唐水花, 等. PtRu纳米线的合成及其在直接甲醇燃料电池阳极中的催化活性[J]. 催化学报, 2006, 7(10): 932-936. SUN Shiguo, XU Hengyong, TAN Shuihua, et al. Synthesis of PtRu nanowires and their catalytic activity in the anode of direct methenaol fuel cells [J]. Chin J of Catalysis, 2006, 7(10): 932-936.(in Chinese)[28] NA Tian, ZHOU Zhiyou, SUN Shigang, et al. Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity [J]. Science, 2007, 316: 732-735.[29] ZHANG J, Sasaki K, Sutter E, et al. Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters [J]. Science, 2007, 315: 220-222. [30] LI H, SUN G, LI N, et al. Design and Preparation of Highly Active Pt-Pd/C Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction [J]. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 5605-5617.[31] ZHOU Zhimin, SHAO Zhigang, QIN Xiaoping, et al. Durability study of Pt-Pd/C as PEMFC cathode catalyst [J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35: 1719-1726.[32] Stamenkovic V, Markovic N. Oxygen reduction on platinum bimetallic alloy catalysts [C]// Handbook of Fuel cells. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009: 18-29. [33] Stamenkovic V, Mun B S, Mayrhofer K J J, et al. Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning the surface electronic structure [J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006, 45: 2897-2901.[34] SHAO M, Sasaki K, Marinkovic N S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of platinum monolayer oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts with Co-Pd core-shell nanoparticle supports [J]. Electrochem Commum, 2007, 9: 2848-2853.[35] Srivastava R, Mani P, Hahn N, Strasser P. Efficient oxygen reduction fuel cell electrocatalysis on voltammetrically dealloyed Pt-Cu-Co nanoparticles [J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 8988-8991.[36] JING Fenning, HOU Ming, SHI Weiyu, et al. The effect of ambient contamination on PEMFC performance [J]. J Power Sources, 2007, 166: 172-176.[37] FU Jie, HOU Ming, DU Chao, SHAO Zhigang, YI Baolian. Potential dependence of sulfur dioxide poisoning and oxidation at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. J Power Sources, 2009, 187: 32-38.[38] 罗璇, 侯中军, 明平文, 等. 石墨化炭载体对Pt/C质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂稳定性的影响[J]. 催化学报, 2008, 29: 330-334.(in Chinese) LUO Xuan, HOU Zhongjun, MING Pingwen, et al. Effect of graphitic carbon on stability of Pt/C catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Chin J of Catalysis, 2008, 29: 330-334.[39] Coloma F, Sepulvedaescribano A, Rodriguezreinoso F. Heat-treated carbon blacks as supports for platinum catalysts [J]. J Catalysis, 1995, 154: 299-305.[40] YU R, CHEN L, LIU Q. Platinum deposition on carbon nanotubes via chemical modification [J]. Chem Mater, 1998, 10: 718-722.[41] LIU Z, LIN X, Lee J, et al. Preparation and characterization of platinum-based electrocatalysts on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Langmuir, 2002, 18: 4054-4060. [42] WANG X, LI W, CHEN Z, et al. Durability investigation of carbon nanotube as catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell [J]. J Power Sources, 2006, 158: 154-159.[43] 秦晓平, 邵志刚, 周志敏, 等. Pt/短MWNTs催化剂的制备及电化学稳定性 [J]. 电源技术, 2009, 33: 847-852. QIN Xiaoping, SHAO Zhigang, ZHOU Zhimin, et al. The preparation and electrochemical stabilities of Pt/short MWNTs [J]. Chin J of Power Sources, 2009, 33: 847-852. (in Chinese)[44] CHEN Y, WANG J, LIU H, et al. Enhanced stability of Pt electrocatalysts by nitrogen doping in CNTs for PEM fuel cells [J]. Electrochem Commun, 2009, 11: 2071-2076. [45] 张生生, 朱红, 俞红梅, 等. 碳化钨用作质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂载体的抗氧化性能[J]. 催化学报, 2007, 28: 109-110. ZHANG Shengsheng, ZHU Hong, YU Hongmei, et al. The oxidation resistance of Tungsten carbide as catalyst support for proton exchange fuel cells [J]. Chin J of Catalysis, 2007, 28: 109-110.(in Chinese)[46] Chhina H, Campbell S, Kesler O. An oxidation-resistant indium tin oxide catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. J Power Sources, 2006, 161: 893-900. [47] Bahar B, Hobson A R, Kolde J A. Integral composite membrane [P]. US5599614.[48] LIU Fuqiang, YI Baolian, XING Danmin, et al. Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for fuel cell applications [J]. J Membrane Science, 2003, 212: 213-223.[49] LIU Yonghao, YI Bolian, SHAO Zhigang, et al. Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Nafion Composite Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications [J]. Electrochem and Solid-State Lett, 2006, 9: A 356-359.[50] Matos B R, Santiago E I, et al. Nafion-based composite electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating above 120 ℃ with titania nanoparticles and nanotubes as fillers [J]. J Power Sources, 2011, 196: 1061-1068.[51] TANG Haolin, WAN Zhaohui, PAN Mu, et al. Self-assembled Nafion-silica nanoparticles for elevated-high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells [J]. Electrochem Commun, 2007, 9: 2003-2008.[52] Ramani V, Kunz H R, Fenton J M. Investigation of Nafion®/HPA composite membranes for high temperature/low relative humidity PEMFC operation [J]. J Membrane Science, 2004, 232: 31-44.[53] WANG Liang, ZHAO Dan, ZHANG Huamin, et al. Water-retention effect of composite membranes with different types of nanometer silicon dioxide [J]. Electrochem and Solid-State Lett, 2008, 11: B201-B204.[54] ZHAO Dan, YI Baolian, ZHANG Huamin, et al. Cesium substituted 12-tungstophosphoric (CsxH3-xPW12O40) loaded on ceria-degradation mitigation in polymer electrolyte membranes [J]. J Power Sources, 2009, 190: 301-306.[55] Devanathan R. Recent developments in proton exchange membranes for fuel cells [J]. Energy Environ Sci, 2008, 1: 101-119. [56] Bidault F, Brett D J L, Middleton P H, et al. Review of gas diffusion cathodes for alkaline fuel cells [J]. J Power Sources, 2009, 187: 39-48.[57] LU Shanfu, PAN Jing, HUANG Aibin, et al. Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely free from noble metal catalysts [J]. Proc National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105: 20611-20614.[58] GU Shuang, CAI Rui, LUO T ing, et al. A soluble and highly conductive ionomer for high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 6499-6502.[59] Debe K M, Schmoeckel K A, et al. High voltage stability of nanostructured thin film catalysts for PEM fuel cells [J]. J Power Sources, 2006, 161: 1002-1011.[60] Blunk R H J, Elhamid M H A, Lisi D, et al. Polymeric composite bipolar plates for vehicle application [J], J Power Sources, 2006, 156: 151-157.[61] Mercuri R A. Apparatus for forming a resin impregnated flexible graphite sheet [P]. US6923631. [62] HOU Ming, MING Pingwen, SUN Deyao, et al. The characteristics of a PEM fuel cell engine with 40-kW vehicle s tacks [J]. Fuel Cells, 2004, 4(1/2): 101-104.[63] YAN Xiqian, WANG Shudong, HOU Ming, et al. A 75-kW methanol reforming fuel cell system [J]. J Power Sourses, 2006, 162: 1265-1269.[64] Tawfika H, Hung Y, Mahajan D J. Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell: A review [J]. J Power Sources, 2007, 163: 755-767.[65] Brady M P, Wang H, Yang B, et al. Growth of Cr-Nitrides on commercial Ni-Cr and Fe-Cr base alloys to protect PEMFC bipolar plates [J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32: 3778-3788.[66] FU Yu, LIN Guoqiang, HOU Ming, et al. Carbon-based films coated 316L stainless steel as bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34: 405-409.[67] JIE Xiao, SHAO Zhigang, YI Baolian. The effect of different valency cation on DMFC performance [J]. Electrochem Commun, 2010, 12: 700-702. |
[1] | 张锐, 姚恩建, 张永生. 电动汽车混入条件下多方式动态交通分配模型[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 540-550. |
[2] | 李青山, 汪春梅, 汪陈芳, 时礼宁, 诸葛伟林, 张扬军. 冷凝条件对PEMFC混合工质ORC系统性能的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 551-556. |
[3] | 司德春, 蹇季廷, 徐浩森, 汪尚尚, 王诚, 张剑波. 用交互氢泵法的聚合物电解质燃料电池堆-30 ℃启动[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 604-612. |
[4] | 张栩源, 李军. 基于 LQR 双 PID 的智能电动汽车轨迹跟踪横纵向协同控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 346-354. |
[5] | 李家林, 奥迪, 王杨, 熊锐. 独立驱动电动汽车模型参考自适应稳定性控制[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 355-343. |
[6] | 王煜安, 罗佳鑫, 王亚超, 王欣, 葛蕴珊, 蒋震. 不同能量管理策略的增程电动汽车排放的实际道路试验[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 219-225. |
[7] | 李宗华, 翟钧, 王贤军, 马明泽, 刁冠通. 基于使用行为的电动汽车驾驶员里程焦虑模型[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 226-231. |
[8] | 陈宇瑶, 魏明锐. 甲烷内部重整的固体氧化物燃料电池三维多物理场数值模拟[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 243-250. |
[9] | 纪少波, 马荣泽, 赵同军, 李洋, 黄海, 张世强, 程勇. 质子交换膜燃料电池运行参数影响规律研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(2): 251-256. |
[10] | 董振鹏, 祖炳锋, 周建伟, 徐佳晨. 基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(1): 35-42. |
[11] | 穆道斌, 谢慧琳, 吴伯荣. 锂离子电池固体电解质的研究与进展[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 415-427. |
[12] | 胡浩然, 袁悦博, 安莉莎, 王贺武. 商用车动力总成最高系统效率的探讨[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 428-443. |
[13] | 丁镇涛, 邓涛, 吴昌军, 尹燕莉, 周丹. 多自由度球形感应电机的驱动控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 538-545. |
[14] | 罗浩文, 吴小娟, 张铭涛. 固体氧化物燃料电池系统的复合优化在线控制策略[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 553-559. |
[15] | 郝琪, 李海伦, 崔宏伟, 田钰楠, 刘正午. 考虑侧面柱碰的电动汽车车门多学科优化设计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(3): 314-321. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||