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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (4): 253-259.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2010.04.001

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汽车碰撞事故中下肢的损伤容限与机制

陈海斌1，王正国1，Albert I King 2，Liying ZHANG 2   

  1. （1. 第三军医大学 大坪医院 野战外科研究所，创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室，重庆 400042;
    2. Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA）
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-07 出版日期:2010-12-20 发布日期:2010-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 通讯作者/ Corresponding author：王正国/WANG Zhengguo，院士。E-mail：wangzhg@cae.cn
  • 作者简介:第一作者/ First author： 陈海斌/ CHEN Haibin（1965—），男（汉），湖北，副研究员。 E-mail：chenhb1996@vip.163.com
  • 基金资助:

     国家自然科学基金海外及港澳学者合作研究项目（30928005）；GM- 国家自然科学基金
    （30122202）；重庆市自然科学基金（CSTC2009BB5013）资助项目

Injury tolerance and mechanism of lower extremity in#br# automobile impact accidents

CHEN Haibin1, WANG Zhengguo1, Albert I King2, Liying ZHANG2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injuries, Institute of Surgery Research,
    Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China;
    2. Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
  • Received:2010-09-07 Online:2010-12-20 Published:2010-12-20
  • Contact: 通讯作者/ Corresponding author：王正国/WANG Zhengguo，院士。E-mail：wangzhg@cae.cn
  • About author:第一作者/ First author： 陈海斌/ CHEN Haibin（1965—），男（汉），湖北，副研究员。 E-mail：chenhb1996@vip.163.com

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摘要： 为开展汽车碰撞事故的实验分析和数值建模，综述了下肢的损伤容限数据和损伤机制。被选文献起1859 年
的自股骨三点弯曲试验数据（Weber），直至2009 年的行人下肢多刚体建模数据（Kerrigan）。数据表明：在汽车碰撞
事故中下肢损伤较为多见，其症状常常为大面积软组织撕裂或缺损，并伴有严重骨折或脱位。对于股骨、髌骨、膝关节、
胫骨和踝关节等下肢部位，比较了在静态、动态条件下的弯矩、扭矩、轴向压缩力的损伤容限数据。对于膝关节伤、
长骨干骨折、股骨颈骨折、股骨髁骨折、踝关节骨折、脚骨骨折等典型伤类，讨论了下肢撞击的损伤机制。

关键词: 交通事故, 碰撞, 下肢, 损伤, 容限, 生物力学

Abstract: A review about injury tolerance and injury mechanism of lower extremity is given to conduct the experimental studies
and numerical modeling for automobile impact accidents. Data sources were selected from Weber (1859, cadaver femur threepoint
bending tests) to as recent as Kerrigan (2009, multibody modeling of pedestrian lower extremity). One epidemiological
investigation was described where lower extremity injuries are found to be the common form of injury associated with automobile
impact accidents, generally with massive soft tissue tear or defect and severe bone fracture or dislocation. Injury tolerance of the
commonly-injured regions of the lower extremities, including femur, patella, knee, tibia, and ankle, was depicted primarily in terms
of the peak axial compressive force or bending/torsional moment for static and dynamic conditions. The injury mechanism of
following injury patterns is summarized including knee joint injury, long bone shaft fracture, femoral neck fracture, femoral condyle
fracture, ankle joint injury, and foot bone fracture.

Key words: traffic accidents, impact, lower extremity, wounds and injuries, threshold limit values, biomechanics

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