多种碰撞工况下的中国与西方体征驾驶员响应对比分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对比分析车辆碰撞工况下的中国和西方体征差异影响下的车辆乘员动态响应。以现有西方男性体征乘员模型为基础，参考中国男性志愿者体征，通过分肢体节段比例缩放建立了中国50百分位体征男性乘员有限元模型；采用乘员舱子系统模型和人体模型，仿真、对比分析了4种碰撞工况下驾驶员受载。结果表明：相比于西方人体模型响应，中国人体模型在小重叠壁障（SOB）和全宽刚性壁障（FRB）工况下的头部损伤准则（HIC）值低15.48%和26.2%，而移动渐进式可变形壁障（MPDB）工况下的HIC值高50%；FRB工况下的胸部压缩率低31.44%，但呈现出更高的肋骨应变；远端侧碰（FarSide）工况下的头部最大侧向位移接近，但颅脑应变明显更低，且颈部侧向剪切、轴向力及胸部压缩率低20%以上。因此，针对西方体征的车辆驾乘人员约束系统设计难以实现对中国人群的最优防护。

关键词: 汽车安全, 车辆碰撞, 驾驶员响应, 体征差异, 人体模型

Abstract:

A finite element (FE) occupant model of Chinese 50^th% male was developed to fully understand the differences in response to impact loading between Chinese and Western, based on the existing occupant model in Western 50^th% size and the geometric scaling of the body surface of a Chinese 50^th% male volunteer. Simulations were conducted under 4 collision conditions: the SOB (small overlap barrier), the MPDB (mobile progressive deformable barrier), the FRB (full width rigid barrier) and the FarSide by using the subsystem model of occupant compartment and the FE human body models (HBM). Differences in kinematic, dynamic, and biomechanical responses of the Chinese and the Western 50^th% male drivers under typical collision conditions were compared and analyzed. Compared with the response of Western 50^th% HBM, the HIC (head injury criteria) values of Chinese 50^th% HBM under SOB and FRB conditions are 15.48% and 26.2% lower, while the HIC value in MPDB case is 50% higher; in FRB case, the Chinese 50^th% HBM has a chest compression rate 31.44% lower, but exhibits higher rib strain; The maximum lateral displacement of the head under FarSide conditions is similar, but the Chinese 50^th% HBM has a significantly lower brain strain, and the lateral shear/axial force on the neck and chest compression rate of the Chinese 50^th% HBM are lower more than 20%. Therefore, the vehicle restraint systems designed for westerner might be difficult to achieve optimal protection for Chinese people.

Key words: vehicle safety, vehicle collisions, driver response, anthropometric differences, human body models

中图分类号:

U461.91

刘煜, 张辉达, 邬晓凡, 蒋韩, 李桂兵. 多种碰撞工况下的中国与西方体征驾驶员响应对比分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(3): 376-385.

LIU Yu, ZHANG Huida, WU Xiaofan, JIANG Han, LI Guibing. Comparative analysis of driver response between Chinese and western drivers under various collision conditions[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(3): 376-385.

图/表 11

参考文献 20

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参数	身高 mm	体质量 kg	坐高 mm	坐姿肩高 mm	坐姿膝高 mm
国标	1 686	67.5	918	610	504
志愿者	1 688	67.7	900	618	507
误差/ %	0.12	0.30	1.96	1.31	0.60

参数	身高 mm	体质量 kg	坐高 mm	坐姿肩高 mm	坐姿膝高 mm
国标	1 686	67.5	918	610	504
志愿者	1 688	67.7	900	618	507
误差/ %	0.12	0.30	1.96	1.31	0.60

部位		缩放比例
上半身	宽度	1.03
	厚度	1.02
	高度	0.96
大臂	长度	0.94
	前后径	1.06
	左右径	0.99
小臂	长度	0.92
	前后径	0.92
	左右径	1.16
大腿	长度	0.91
	前后径	1.06
	左右径	1.06
小腿	长度	0.89
	前后径	0.95
	左右径	1.16

部位		缩放比例
上半身	宽度	1.03
	厚度	1.02
	高度	0.96
大臂	长度	0.94
	前后径	1.06
	左右径	0.99
小臂	长度	0.92
	前后径	0.92
	左右径	1.16
大腿	长度	0.91
	前后径	1.06
	左右径	1.06
小腿	长度	0.89
	前后径	0.95
	左右径	1.16

测量尺寸	H₀ / mm	H₁ / mm	L₀ / mm	L₁ / mm	L₂ / mm	L₃ / mm	L₄ / mm	m / kg
THUMS AM50	133	874	284	442	738	490	484	77.2
THUMS CN50	124	851	283	413	654	459	442	70.8
相对差异/ %	-6.8	-2.6	-0.4	-6.6	-11.4	-6.3	-8.7	-8.3