重型车底盘测功机油耗的测试和统计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实施国Ⅳ油耗标准对重型车的策略，针对中国大陆目前重型车的油耗水平，研究了车辆轻量化对100 kmt体积油耗的影响。统计分析了1 408辆满足国Ⅲ油耗标准重型车的底盘测功机认证数据，采用100 kmt体积油耗来衡量重型车的燃油经济性。结果表明：半挂牵引车的平均油耗与国Ⅳ限值之间的偏差最大，约为8.0%；货车的平均油耗与国Ⅳ限值之间的偏差为3.0%；对于最大设计总质量(GVM)超过20 t的货车，城市工况是油耗优化的主要策略。车辆100 kmt体积油耗与载质量成负相关；随着GVM的增加，货车和自卸汽车的100 kmt体积油耗呈下降趋势；半挂牵引车的100 kmt体积油耗基本不变，约为1.0 L。因而，采用车辆轻量化技术有利于降低100 kmt体积油耗。

关键词: 重型车, 节能, 100 kmt体积油耗, 载质量, 底盘测功机

Abstract:

The impact of vehicle light-mass on 100 kmt volume fuel consumption were investigated to implement the strategy of China Ⅳ according to the current fuel consumption standard for heavy-duty vehicles in China mainland. The chassis dynamometer certification data of 1 408 heavy-duty vehicles meeting China Ⅲ fuel consumption standard were statistically analyzed. The results show that the largest deviation between the average fuel consumption and the China Ⅳ limits is from tractors, which is about 8.0%. The deviation between the average fuel consumption and the China Ⅳ limits of trucks is around 3.0%. The urban condition is the main strategy of fuel consumption optimization for trucks with the Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) exceeding 20 t. The fuel volume consumption per 100 kmt is negatively correlated with the vehicle payload. With the increasing of GVM, the fuel volume consumption per 100 kmt of trucks and dump trucks shows a downward trend, while the fuel volume consumption per 100 kmt of tractors is basically unchanged, which is nearly 1.0 L. Therefore, using vehicle light-mass technology is beneficial for reducing 100 kmt volume fuel consumption.

Key words: heavy-duty vehicles, energy conservation, fuel volume consumption per 100 kmt, payload mass, chassis dynamometers

中图分类号:

U467.1+2

仝畅, 任烁今, 李腾腾, 刘栋, 刘麟, 张朋, 刘志伟, 景晓军, 杨正军. 重型车底盘测功机油耗的测试和统计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(4): 553-560.

TONG Chang, REN Shuojin, LI Tengteng, LIU Dong, LIU Lin, ZHANG Peng, LIU Zhiwei, JING Xiaojun, YANG Zhengjun. Testing and statistics of the heavy-duty vehicle chassis dynamometer fuel consumption measurement[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(4): 553-560.

图/表 12

图1 样车数量分布情况

图2 试验系统示意图

图3 C-WTVC循环曲线

车辆类型	GVM / t	ω / %
车辆类型	GVM / t	市区	市郊	高速
半挂牵引车	9~27	0	40	60
半挂牵引车	>27	0	10	90
自卸汽车	>3.5	0	100	0
货车 (不含自卸汽车)	3.5~5.5	40	40	20
	5.5~12.5	10	60	30
	12.5~25	10	40	50
	>25	10	30	60
城市客车	>3.5	100	0	0
客车 (不含城市客车)	3.5~5.5	50	25	25
	5.5~12.5	20	30	50
	>12.5	10	20	70

表1 国Ⅲ燃料消耗标准中的加权因数

图4 样车油耗分布

图5 平均油耗与国Ⅳ油耗限值(征求意见稿)的偏差

图6 不同工况的燃油消耗量(货车)

图7 不同工况的燃油消耗量(半挂牵引车)

图8 样车载质量分布

图9 样车载质量比例分布

图10 不同类别车辆的100 kmt体积油耗分布

图11 自卸汽车轻量化程度的100 kmt体积油耗分布

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