基于联接式通道的厢式货车减阻性能仿真研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低厢式货车行驶时的气动阻力并且避免过量改变现有车辆形状和尺寸，提出将厢式货车侧面和尾部联接起来的通道式减阻方式。采用计算流体动力学方法，通过探究联接式通道的基本参数（如进出口形状、位置、尺寸大小和通道内部弯曲形状）对厢式货车减阻效果的影响，最终得到一个最优的联接式通道减阻模型：该通道模型进出口形状为四边形，位置在侧面进风口距离尾部36 mm和尾部出风口距离侧面39 mm处，进出风口尺寸相同，通道内部形状为直线形，模型的气动阻力系数为0.494 2；并探究了新型减阻方式在侧风环境下的减阻效果。研究表明：与原始模型相比，提出的通道式模型减阻方式无侧风下的气动阻力系数减小率为2.62%，有侧风下平均气动阻力系数减小率为3.47%。通道式减阻能够通过将侧面的气流引入到车辆尾部，改善尾部的涡流状态，达到降低车辆行驶时气动阻力的目的。该新型联接式通道减阻方式为今后厢式货车气动减阻研究提供了新的减阻方法。

关键词: 汽车节能, 厢式货车, 通道式减阻, 流体仿真, 进出风口, 侧风工况

Abstract:

A channel-type drag reduction method that connects the side and rear of van trucks was proposed to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of van trucks and avoid excessive changes in the shape and size of existing vehicles. The influence of basic parameters of connected channel such as shape, position, size of inlet and outlet and bending shape inside channel on drag reduction effect of van truck was explored by using computational fluid dynamics method, and finally an optimal drag reduction model of connected channel was obtained. The shape of the inlet and outlet of the channel model was quadrilateral and located 36 mm from the tail of the side air inlet and 39 mm from the side of the tail air outlet, while the inlet and outlet had the same size. The shape inside the channel was linear and the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the model was 0.494 2. The effect of the new drag reduction method in the side wind environment was further investigated. The results show that, compared with the original model, the aerodynamic drag coefficient reduction rate of the proposed tunnel model is 2.62% without crosswind, and the average aerodynamic drag coefficient reduction rate is 3.47% with crosswind. The channel type drag reduction can reduce the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle by introducing the airflow from the side to the rear of the vehicle and improving the vortex state of the rear to achieve the purpose of reducing the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle when driving. This new coupled channel drag reduction method provides a new drag reduction method for future research on aerodynamic drag reduction of van trucks.

Key words: vehicle energy saving, van truck, channel type drag reduction, fluid simulation, air inlet and outlet, side wind condition

中图分类号:

U461.1

许建民, 龚晓岩, 郑庆杰, 宋雷. 基于联接式通道的厢式货车减阻性能仿真研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(6): 774-782.

XU Jianmin, GONG Xiaoyan, ZHENG Qingjie, SONG Lei. Simulation research on drag reduction performance of van truck based on coupled channel[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 774-782.

图/表 22

图1 GTS模型尺寸及模型示意图

图2 外流场计算域

图3 车轮接地处以及流体域网格图

图4 四边形通道模型图及气流流经通道示意图

图5 联接式通道网格示意图

原始模型	0.507 5
四边形通道模型	0.495 7
六边形通道模型	0.498 8
椭圆形通道模型	0.496 3
圆形通道模型	0.501 5

表1 各模型的气动阻力因数(Cd)

图6 厢式货车压力云图

图7 四边形通道尺寸示意图

模型	R₁ / mm	R₂ / mm	C_d
原始模型	—	—	0.507 5
模型1	17	20	0.497 1
模型2	20	20	0.495 7
模型3	23	20	0.496 1
模型4	20	17	0.498 3
模型5	20	23	0.498 2

表2 各模型的参数设置和其气动阻力因数

图8 厢式货车湍动能云图

图9 进出口位置尺寸示意图

模型	D₁ / mm	D₂ / mm	C_d
原始模型	—	—	0.507 5
模型1	36	39	0.494 5
模型2	46	39	0.495 7
模型3	56	39	0.497 3
模型4	46	28	0.496 3
模型5	46	50	0.500 2

表3 进出口不同位置设计及对应模型的气动阻力因数

图10 厢式货车尾部速度流线图

图11 厢式货车尾部压力云图

图12 直线型和1/4椭圆型通道透视图

原始模型	0.507 5
直线型通道	0.494 2
椭圆形通道	0.494 5
强弯曲型通道	0.494 9
弱弯曲型通道	0.495 5

表4 各模型的气动阻力因数

图13 Q准则提取的原始车辆与直线型通道模型涡量等值面图比较

α / (°)	v_cross / (m·s^-1)	v_syn / (m·s^-1)
0	0	25
3.43	1.5	25.04
6.00	2.63	25.14
9.98	4.4	25.38
11.90	5.31	25.56
15.00	6.7	25.88
20.00	9.35	26.69

表5 保持车速为25 m/s时侧风方案设置

图14 侧风环境下厢式货车模型气动阻力因数以及与原始模型与通道模型侧向力因数的差值

图15 距车尾12 mm和车底25mm处的压力曲线

图16 距车底面25 mm 平面处的速度流线图

图17 距车底面25 mm 平面处的压力云图

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