基于交通事故重建的行人过街安全岛高度设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究道路交通安全岛高度设计对于碰撞事故中行人和车内人员的防护效果，调研并选取典型的安全岛事故案例，运用PC-CRASH软件进行事故过程重建。在事故重建的基础上，基于LS-DYNA软件，研究不同车辆碰撞速度、不同安全岛高度对行人和车内人员安全防护的影响。结果表明：安全岛高度过低是导致汽车碰撞安全岛行人伤亡的主要原因。在城市道路的常见车速（30~50 km/h）范围内，350 mm以上的安全岛高度设计可以有效防止车辆驶上安全岛，起到行人保护效果；但车辆3 ms峰值减速度远超72 g，会导致较高的车内人员头部损伤风险。未来安全岛设计应兼顾岛内行人和车内人员的双重防护，可以考虑在提升安全岛高度的同时，通过安全岛外围设计吸能缓冲装置实现对车内人员的安全防护。

关键词: 道路交通, 安全岛高度, 防护, 事故重建, 有限元仿真

Abstract:

A typical collision accident between vehicle and safety island was investigated, with reconstructed the accidents by utilizing PC-CRASH to investigate the protective effect of the height design of road traffic safety island on pedestrians and occupants in collision accidents. The influence of different vehicle collision speed and different safety island heights on the safety protection of pedestrians and occupants in the vehicle was analyzed with LS-DYNA based on the accident reconstruction. The results show that too low of the safety island height was the main cause of pedestrian casualties in the collision between vehicle and safety island. In the common speed range (30~50 km/h) of urban roads, the safety island designed with a height of more than 350 mm could effectively prevent the vehicle from driving on the safety island, so as to protect pedestrians. However, the 3-ms peak deceleration of the vehicle is much more than 72 g, which will lead to a high risk of head injury for the occupants of the vehicle. The future safety island design should consider the dual-protection of both pedestrians in the safety island and occupants in the vehicle. Therefore, it should be considered to design energy-absorbing buffer device around the safety island while raising the height of it, so as to better realize the safety protection of occupants in the vehicle through the dual-absorption of both the vehicle and the safety island.

Key words: road traffic safety, safety island height, safety protection, accident reconstruction, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

T416

张晨, 魏嵬, 陈家星, 马正伟. 基于交通事故重建的行人过街安全岛高度设计[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(2): 178-187.

ZHANG Chen, WEI Wei, CHEN Jiaxing, MA Zhengwei. Design of pedestrian-safety-island height based on traffic accident reconstruction[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(2): 178-187.

图/表 16

图1 事故现场图片

图2 事故过程示意图

整备质量	2.120 t	轴距	2.857 m
长度	4.807 m	前轮距	1.676 m
宽度	1.936 m	后轮距	1.679 m
高度	1.784 m

表1 车辆相关参数

半圆形安全岛半径	1.00 m
半圆形安全岛高度	170 mm
防撞柱数量	10根
防撞柱高度	1.00 m
防撞柱直径	140 mm

表2 安全岛相关参数

图3 沃尔沃XC90及安全岛现场图

图4 基于PC-CRASH的事故过程重建

图5 事故仿真车辆与安全岛有限元模型

车辆	整备质量/ t	长度/ m	宽度/ m	高度/ m	轴距/ m	前轮距/ m	后轮距/ m
事故车	2.120	4.807	1.936	1.784	2.857	1.676	1.679
模型车	2.244	4.819	1.839	1.767	2.848	1.553	1.573
差值 / %	+5.85	+0.25	-5.01	-0.95	-0.32	-7.34	-6.32

表3 事故车辆与仿真模型基本参数对比

图6 城市道路不同车速碰撞上岛情况对比

图7 不同高度安全岛与车辆保险杠位置关系

图8 车偏角2°碰撞下不同h、t车辆碰撞安全岛形态

图9 偏置碰撞车辆合成减速度对比

图10 不同高度安全岛偏置碰撞车辆前围板最大侵入量对比

图11 正面碰撞下不同h、t车辆碰撞安全岛形态

图12 正面碰撞合成减速度对比

图13 不同高度安全岛2%偏置碰撞与正面碰撞车辆前围板最大侵入量对比

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