基于有限元仿真罐式危险货物运输车辆后防护装置碰撞特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了有效降低液体危险货物罐式车辆与大型车辆追尾碰撞事故的严重性,提出了在罐体尾部加装后部防护装置的设想。通过实车追尾碰撞试验和数值模拟仿真对比分析,在验证仿真模型有效性的基础上,进一步分析不同碰撞车辆质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、质心高度的工况下,罐车的动态响应特性和防护装置的防护性能。结果表明:数值仿真模型具有可行性;设计的后部防护装置能够适应不同碰撞工况且防护性能良好,在相对碰撞速度低于50 km/h时均具有良好防护效果;能够正常阻挡25 t以下客车的冲击;在120º的区域范围内能有效保护罐体;在不同质心高度下最大加速度峰值均不超过10g。

关键词: 罐式危险货物运输车辆, 追尾碰撞, 后部防护装置, 有限元仿真, 实车足尺试验

Abstract:

The idea of installing rear guards at the tail of the tank was proposed to effectively reduce the severity of rear-end collisions between tank truck of liquid dangerous goods and large passenger car. Through the comparative analysis of real rear-end collision test and numerical simulation, the effectiveness of the simulation model was verified. Then, it was further analyzed that dynamic response characteristics of the tank truck and the protective performance of the protective device under different masses of collision vehicle, collision speeds, collision angles and center of mass heights. The results show that the numerical simulation model is feasible; and the designed rear protective device can adapt to different collision conditions and has good protective performance, with excellent protective effect under the relative impact velocity below 50 km/h, and can normally block the impact of passenger cars below 25 t; meanwhile, also can effectively protect the tank in an area of 120°; the maximum acceleration peak value does not exceed 10g at different heights of the center of mass.

Key words: tank truck of dangerous goods, rear-end collision, rear protective device, finite element simulation, real full-scale test

中图分类号:

U469.6+1

沈小燕, 余政涛, 秦箫, 陈野, 张国胜, 李金. 基于有限元仿真罐式危险货物运输车辆后防护装置碰撞特性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(3): 364-372.

SHEN Xiaoyan, YU Zhengtao, QIN Xiao, CHEN Ye, ZHANG Guosheng, LI Jin. Crash characteristics of rear protective device of tank truck carrying dangerous goods based on finite element simulation[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(3): 364-372.

图/表 19

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参数	数值	参数	数值
装置最末端与车辆的末端距离	525 mm	横梁（黄色）	100 mm×50 mm×3 mm,Q235钢
装置高	1 050 mm	支臂（棕色）	100 mm×100 mm ×6 mm,Q235钢
装置宽	2 450 mm

参数	数值	参数	数值
装置最末端与车辆的末端距离	525 mm	横梁（黄色）	100 mm×50 mm×3 mm,Q235钢
装置高	1 050 mm	支臂（棕色）	100 mm×100 mm ×6 mm,Q235钢
装置宽	2 450 mm

	参数	数值	参数	数值
大客车	总长	8.97 m	质心距前轴中心的纵向距离	2.476 m
	总宽	22.50 m	质心距地面高度	1.268 m
	前轮距	1.90 m	整备质量	6.650 t
	后轮距	1.80 m	实际总质量	9.937 t
	轴距	4.300 m	额定乘员数	37+1+1 座
罐式车辆	总长	10.067 m	轴距	4.400 m
	总宽	2.400 m	质心高度	1.386 m
	总高	2.765 m	罐体容积	8.9 m³
	前轮距	2.026 m	整备质量	5.8 t
	后轮距	1.986 m	总质量	13 t

	参数	数值	参数	数值
大客车	总长	8.97 m	质心距前轴中心的纵向距离	2.476 m
	总宽	22.50 m	质心距地面高度	1.268 m
	前轮距	1.90 m	整备质量	6.650 t
	后轮距	1.80 m	实际总质量	9.937 t
	轴距	4.300 m	额定乘员数	37+1+1 座
罐式车辆	总长	10.067 m	轴距	4.400 m
	总宽	2.400 m	质心高度	1.386 m
	总高	2.765 m	罐体容积	8.9 m³
	前轮距	2.026 m	整备质量	5.8 t
	后轮距	1.986 m	总质量	13 t

部件	单元尺寸/ mm	单元类型
客车前部	10 ~ 20	SHELL163
客车底部	15 ~ 20	SHELL163
客车两侧	20 ~ 30	SHELL163
纵梁	15 ~ 30	SHELL163
横梁	15 ~ 30	SHELL163
罐体垫片	20 ~ 30	SOLID164
客车中上部	20 ~ 30	SHELL163
钢板弹簧	35	SOLID164
罐体	25 ~ 30	SHELL163
防护装置	15	SHELL163
轴	35	SOLID164
配重载荷	-	MASS122